[gu-new] (06/19/06) (a) John Eger's new two essays, (b) Innovation vs Confucianism and (c) New Book flyer for Tapio Varis' Birthday

[Takeshi Utsumi, Ph.D.]

<<June 19, 2006>>
Archived distributions can be retrieved at;
<http://makeashorterlink.com/?G28312E0C>
This archive includes a html version of this list distribution and its
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access all of its attachments, if any.

John M. Eger <jeger at mail.sdsu.edu>

P. Tapio Varis, Ph.D., Professor <tapio.varis at uta.fi>


Dear John:

(1) Many thanks for your another interesting essays (ATTACHMENT I and II).

> Dear E-Colleagues:
> 
> His last one was;
> 
> (04/21/06) John Eger's new essay "We Need a National Infrastructure
> Initiative."
> http://makeashorterlink.com/?O11D2310D

(2) Your two new essays are very interesting.

For your reference, I am attaching the followings;

> (a) ATTACHMENT III — about China,
> 
>> It's True.  Asians Can't Think
>> Until it abandons its twisted Confucianism, the region will trail the West
> 
> (b) ATTACHMENT IV — about Japan,
> 
>> Unraveling the Enigma
>> A pair of Japan watchers try to identity the country's essence in the midst
>> of rapid change
> 
> (c) ATTACHMENT I of the following previous list distribution — about European
> condition,
> 
>> (09/22/03) Keynote speech at SEFI conference in Porto, Portugal
>> The World; Why America Outpaces Europe (Clue: The God Factor)
>> http://makeashorterlink.com/?X20112D4D
> 
> (d) Section 4.3 of the following paper — about American view on creativity,
> 
>> Utsumi, T. (2005); "Global E-Learning for Global Peace with Global University
>> System," Paper for the forthcoming publication "Communication and Learning in
>> the Multicultural World," University of Tampere, Finland, (Edited by Pekka
>> Ruohotie), to celebrate the 60th birthday of the GUS Acting President Tapio
>> Varis in June 2006; December 29, 2005
>> http://makeashorterlink.com/?W29E26D9C
> 
>> BTW, click below for the flyer of the new book to cerebrate Tapio Varis’ 60th
>> birthday;
>> http://makeashorterlink.com/?I46264D4D

>> Dear Tapio:
>> 
>> My wholehearted congratulations to your birthday!!  You have done tremendous
>> accomplishments so far which deserve for this beautiful and excellent book!!
>> I am quite honored to contribute my chapter in it.

(3) About a century ago, Japan embarked Industrial Age with Confucianism in
one hand and abacus in other hand, and succeeded.  However, as I said
before, Japan now hits a stone wall, and hasn’t overcome to scale the wall
yet to bring Japan be a Creative Society.

> For example, the inventor of blue diode was expelled from Japan to become a
> researcher at the University of California in Santa Barbara, who recently
> received the second prestigious Millennium Prize of Finland (about USD 1.5
> million -- as equivalent to Nobel Prize) -- the first one was the inventor of
> World Wide Web, Tim Berners-Lee.

(4) Section 3.3 of the following paper says that there is the “creative
class” and the “service class.”

> Ramalhoto, M. F.
> “Tansforming academic globalization into globalization for all”
> European Journal of Engineering Education, Vol. 31, No. 3, June 2006, 349-359
> http://makeashorterlink.com/?M2015643D

Confucianism is the moral code of the Emperor of a dynasty in ancient China
for his subject, i.e., the service class people.  It then prohibits to
“protest,” i.e., the etymology of Protestantism -- particularly to the
government authority and imposes even subservient obedience.  See the last
sentence of the ATTACHMENT I below.

In a sense, the famous word “Creative Destruction” by Joseph Schumpeter does
not go along with the moral code of Confucianism.

(5) Pls visit the following web site;

Creation of Globally Collaborative Innovation Network (GCIN)
in
Ghana, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Egypt, and later entire African region
http://makeashorterlink.com/?R18212D4D

The essence of new economy in Knowledge Society is the creativity and
innovation in science and technology, which is more than the mere
accumulation of knowledge for enhancing job skills.  We hope that this
project will foster friendship among youngsters around the world for the
creation of new knowledge in the Knowledge Age of the 21st Century, as
making a significant paradigm shift of research and development in global
scale, out of the so-called isolated, academic “Ivory Tower” approach.

Now emerging GRID networking technology has great potential in education,
offering a framework that opens new ways of teaching and learning that have
not been possible before.  E-mail and multimedia World Wide Web of Internet
so far contributed significantly to the world society on the dissemination
of information.  The next phase of the Internet development with global GRID
computer networks should be the globally collaborative experiential (the
so-called “hands-on”) learning and constructive creation of knowledge by
interactive actions with counterpart scientists and researchers in developed
countries, on virtual reality simulation models of joint global projects on
various subjects.  The extraordinary resources with Beowulf mini
supercomputers and GRID technology will provide a computing environment to
enhance teaching, learning, and research at the higher learning institutions
in African countries.

Creativity is difficult to measure.  Economic underdevelopment is NOT
necessary synonymous to intellectual underdevelopment.  Africa has vast
resources of excellent brainpower.  This is the only raw material of new
knowledge economy.  The issue is to motivate and energize young people to
unleash their creativity.  Value creation in a digital age increases with
relationships, links and connections, and more sharing in global
collaboration.  Commingling of creation creates a new culture.  This project
will allow African countries to leapfrog as borderless globalization imposes
a new vision of education with interaction, collaboration and participation
among the youth globally.

Best, Tak


ATTACHMENT I 

> From: john eger <jeger at mail.sdsu.edu>
> Date: Thu, 15 Jun 2006 15:28:33 -0700
> To: <utsumi at columbia.edu>
> Subject: fyi
> 
> In The News
> 
> China and the Innovation Economy
June 14, 2006  By John Eger
> 
> John Eger -- who was telecom advisor to the Nixon White House and visited
> China in that capacity following Nixon's ground-breaking meeting with Zhou
> Enlai and Mao Zedong in 1972 -- just returned from a 17-day, nine-city tour of
> China. Eger, a frequent contributor to Government Technology and Public CIO,
> is president of The World Foundation for Smart Communities and holds the
> Endowed Van Deerlin Chair in Communications and Public Policy at San Diego
> State University.
> 
> President Hu Jintao of China has made it clear over the last few weeks that
> China was not going to be simply a manufacturing center or sub assembly and
> processing factory for other multi national corporations for too much longer.
> 
> While "Made in China" is a source of pride for many Chinese, a Chinese factory
> worker assembling DVD players makes only $1.00 for each machine assembled. The
> product sells in the U.S. for anywhere from $30 to $45.00 however, and the
> profit goes to the global corporation according to Minister of Commerce Bo
> Xilai . "China must export $100 million in assembled products or 800 billion
> shoes" he said recently, "in exchange for the value of one Boeing aircraft."
> This situation "must be changed," he said echoing President Hu's mandate that
> "enhancing the country's innovation capability" is a top priority.
> 
> To accomplish its goals, the Chinese government will authorize over 70 billion
> Yuan or $8.5 billion for investment in science and technology next year, and
> every year thereafter. This itself represents an increase of nearly 20 percent
> year on year. The Chinese plan to do more than increase R&D spending however.
> A huge propaganda campaign is planned to educate the Chinese masses, including
> online discussions on the topic, and the formation of an "innovation
> demonstration team" to tour the country and promote the idea. The government
> is also talking of the need to reform the financial and tax systems to provide
> incentives for the growth of cutting-edge industries.
> 
> China is targeting a broad range of sectors including some controversial areas
> such as stem cells, gene therapy and genetically modified crops, and some
> areas where the U.S. has long dominated -- including software, semi conductors
> and space exploration. China, moreover, intends to become a leader in emerging
> technologies such as renewable energy with sources ranging from solar to wind
> power to fuel cells. In addition to the increases in R&D, China also plans to
> relax regulations and controls and to provide other incentives for growth in
> these sectors.
> 
> The Biggest Challenges
> 
> The three biggest challenges to China's ambitious goals however, will be first
> to change their attitude on human rights and insure basic freedoms, which are
> the source of creativity and innovation. They also need to loosen their grip
> on citizen use of the Internet. Over 30,000 employees of China's Ministry of
> Propaganda routinely police Internet use, and Web companies like Google, Yahoo
> and Microsoft block access to selected sites. And finally, although they plan
> to dramatically increase the education budget -- massive changes need to be
> made in their system of education.
> 
> Most experts agree with the opinion of Xu Zhihong, President of Peking
> University, who said during the March sessions of the National People's
> Congress and the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, that
> Chinese students are "trained to achieve high marks in examinations."
> 
> While the higher political authorities have been calling for "quality
> education," he said, " that cultivates students' balanced development in
> academics, sports, personality development and social work because the score
> in the national college entrance examination is still the predominant
> criterion adopted by the universities -- a high mark remains the only target
> pursued in elementary and middle schools."
> 
> During the Cultural Revolution, creativity and innovation in people was widely
> criticized, indeed academics and students of higher learning were those
> targeted for "retraining" in the countryside. Today, even though the
> universities are once again revered and respected, the system does not
> encourage dissent or even inquiry -- which as Einstein once observed, is the
> root of all learning. How China deals with this dilemma is critical to its
> future.
> 
> Copyright® 2005 e.Republic, Inc. All rights reserved.
> eRepublic, Inc. 100 Blue Ravine Rd., Folsom, CA 95630
> 
> --
> John M. Eger
> Van Deerlin Chair of Communication and Public Policy
> Executive Director, International Center for Communications
> San Diego State University
> 5500 Campanile Drive
> PFSA 160
> San Diego, CA
> 92182-4522
> telephone 6195946910


ATTACHMENT II 

> From: john eger <jeger at mail.sdsu.edu>
> Date: Thu, 15 Jun 2006 06:54:03 -0700
> To: <Jeger at mail.sdsu.edu>
> Subject: FYI
> 
> Challenges facing the new China
> By John M. Eger and Joyce M. Gattas
> June 15, 2006 
> 
> President Hu Jintao of China last week called on scientists, engineers and
> educators to help achieve a goal of becoming an "innovative" nation. "Science
> and technology," he said, "especially strategic high technology is
> increasingly becoming the decisive force in economic and social development
> and the focus of competition and comprehensive national strength." Hu made
> clear that China is not going to be simply a manufacturing center or
> sub-assembly and processing factory for other multinational corporations for
> too much longer.
> 
> Although China is experiencing tremendous growth and even rumored to be neck
> and neck with the United States as a leading economic power in the world in 15
> years, such success is possible only through low-cost labor. While "Made in
> China" is a source of pride for many Chinese, a Chinese factory worker
> assembling DVD players makes only one dollar for each machine assembled. The
> product sells in the United States for anywhere from $30 to $45, however, and
> the profit goes to the global corporation according to the minister of
> commerce, Bo Xilai.
> 
> "China must export $100 million in assembled products or 800 billion shoes" he
> said recently, "in exchange for the value of one Boeing aircraft." This
> situation "must be changed", he said, echoing President Hu's mandate that
> "enhancing the country's innovation capability" is a top priority.
> 
> To accomplish its goals, the Chinese government will authorize over 70 billion
> yuan, or $8.5 billion, for investment in science and technology next year, and
> every year thereafter. This itself represents an increase of nearly 20 percent
> annually. The Chinese, however, plan to not only increase R&D spending. A huge
> propaganda campaign is planned to educate the Chinese masses, including online
> discussions on the topic and the formation of an "innovation demonstration
> team" to tour the country and promote the idea. The government is also talking
> of the need to reform the financial and tax systems to provide incentives for
> the growth of cutting-edge industries.
> 
> China is targeting a broad range of sectors including some controversial areas
> such as stem cells, gene therapy and genetically modified crops and some areas
> where the United States has long dominated, including software, semiconductors
> and space exploration. China, moreover, intends to become a leader in emerging
> technologies such as renewable energy with sources ranging from solar to wind
> power to fuel cells. In addition to the increases in R&D, China also plans to
> relax regulations and controls and to provide other incentives for growth in
> these sectors.
> 
> In the United States, for instance, simply using stem cells from embryos is
> controversial. That is not the case in China, where not only are regulators
> more permissive about experimental therapies but in Shenzhen where Beike
> Biotech - a joint venture between the Shenzhen government, Peking University
> and the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology - is already
> specializing in stem cell treatments. According to a report by Business Week
> magazine, doctors in the United States wouldn't dare try some of these
> experiments such as taking stem cells from aborted fetuses, and implanting
> them into patients with otherwise incurable diseases.
> 
> The biggest challenges to China's ambitious goals, however, include changing
> its attitude on human rights and ensuring basic freedoms, which are the source
> of creativity and innovation. China also needs to loosen its grip on citizen
> use of the Internet. More than 30,000 employees of China's Ministry of
> Propaganda routinely police Internet use, and Web companies such as Google,
> Yahoo and Microsoft block access to selected sites. Lastly but significantly -
> though the country plans to dramatically increase the education budget -
> massive changes in their system of education need to be made.
> 
> Most experts agree with the opinion of Xu Zhihong, president of Peking
> University, who said during the March sessions of the National People's
> Congress and the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference that
> Chinese students are "trained to achieve high marks in examinations."
> 
> While the higher political authorities have been calling for "quality
> education," he said, "that cultivates students' balanced development in
> academics, sports, personality development and social work," the score in the
> national college entrance examination is still the predominant criterion
> adopted by the universities. A high mark remains the only target pursued in
> elementary and middle schools.
> 
> During the Cultural Revolution, creativity and innovation in people was widely
> criticized, indeed academics and students of higher learning were those
> targeted for "retraining" in the countryside. Today, even though the
> universities are once again revered and respected, the system does not
> encourage dissent or even inquiry, which, as Einstein once observed, is the
> root of all learning.
> 
> How China deals with this dilemma is critical to its future.
> 
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
> Gattas is dean of the College of Professional Studies and Fine Arts at San
> Diego State University. Eger holds the Endowed Van Deerlin Chair in
> Communications and Public Policy. They just returned from a 17-day, nine-city
> tour of China.\
> © Copyright 2006 Union-Tribune Publishing Co. * A Copley Newspaper Site
> 
> --
> John M. Eger
> Van Deerlin Chair of Communication and Public Policy
> Executive Director, International Center for Communications
> San Diego State University
> 5500 Campanile Drive
> PFSA 160
> San Diego, CA
> 92182-4522
> telephone 6195946910


ATTACHMENT III 

Excerpted from Time Magazine;
May 31, 1999
http://www.time.com/time/asia/asia/magazine/1999/990531/shaw1.html

It's True.  Asians Can't Think
Until it abandons its twisted Confucianism, the region will trail the West
By SIN-MING SHAW 
 
Can Asians think? That's not a racist slur, it's the title of a book by
Singapore diplomat Kishore Mahbubani. While he offers no answer, the
question he poses is excellent and long overdue.
 
The facts are not in dispute: 1,000 years ago China under the Song Dynasty
was the world's most advanced nation. Even 300 years ago China under the
Qing rulers was first among equals. Yet in the past 100 years, the West's
superiority over Asia has widened exponentially over any advantage the East
ever enjoyed. No civilization with such a commanding lead, not even
classical Greece, has declined more dramatically. The issue is not about
economic growth or engineering dexterity; Asia's record in these areas is
indisputable. It's about originality of the mind and its resulting influence
over how mankind shapes the world.
 
China may have mastered cutting-edge nuclear technology, by stealth or
otherwise, and Japan may have the best-engineered semiconductors. But these
developments are ultimately based on Newtonian physics and quantum
mechanics, both purely Western paradigms. China justifies its political
system by invoking Marx while trying to restructure its economy using the
theories of Keynes and Friedman, even employing Goldman Sachs for financial
advice. Taiwan is a democracy more informed by classical Greek philosophers
than by Chinese. Japanese leaders wear Western formal dress with tails for
signing ceremonies. And everybody loves an Ivy League degree.
 
Asia must not merely reflect on why Western thoughts shape the world we
know, it must also ask why so many Asian minds flourish only after they have
gone to the West. For evidence, just look at the many Nobel Prizes won by
Asians living and working in America. Time and again, talented émigrés say
they had to leave Asia because the intellectual atmosphere was stifling or
because the established hierarchy respected seniority over brains.
 
Blaming Asian schools for focusing on memorization--as opposed to
"thinking"--is too pat an excuse, as schools and universities reflect the
basic values of a society. It is ingrained in the Asian psyche that
"correct" answers always exist and are to be found in books or from
authorities. Teachers dispense truth, parents are always right and political
leaders know better. In executive-led societies such as China and Hong Kong,
leaders act like philosopher-kings, often uttering unchallenged banalities.
Senior officials sometimes resemble the powerful palace eunuchs of past
dynasties: imperial, unaccountable, incompetent. Questioning authority,
especially in public, is disrespectful, un-Asian, un-Confucian.
 
It is time to deconstruct Confucius. He said many things. Some emphasized
order above all: on filial piety, never disobey. Others were democratic:
without the trust of the people, no government can stand. Past emperors
manipulated his work to justify a static order while they themselves rarely
abided by the same rules. Japan became Asia's most advanced nation largely
because it dared to change its own values during the Meiji Restoration in
1868 (though it now needs a similar impetus to regain its creative energy).
 
The conventional wisdom that Asians cherish learning is misleading. In the
past, learning meant passing imperial exams that led to well-paid jobs in
the civil service. It's not altogether different in modern Asia. Learning
for its own sake is considered a luxury, if not a financial waste, unless it
also leads to an attractive income stream.
 
The twisted Confucian philosophy passed on by generations has played a
damnable role in denting Asian creative thinking. U.S.-trained physicist Woo
Chia-wei, president of the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology,
believes the Confucian stress on order is a major obstacle to creative
thinking that has sometimes affected even his own instincts. All important
advances in knowledge involve substantial revision or rejection of an
existing framework. Scientists call that a paradigm shift. Order for the
sake of order is the opposite of creative thinking.
 
Which Asian society, informed by home-grown precepts, is most likely to
nurture and keep at home a future generation able to write better software
than Microsoft, find a cure for cancer and replace quantum mechanics with a
Theory of Everything, now the Holy Grail of physics? The odds are not good,
but the best bet is Taiwan. Alone among Asian societies it possesses the
right combination of institutions that allow talent to blossom.
Institutionalized disputes and a respect for opposing viewpoints, publicly
aired, are not just about political democracy, they are fundamental to
creative thinking. They act as a filter so that a rare gem may be found
among the intellectual garbage. It takes only a few powerful ideas to change
the world. 
 
If Japan, China and the rest of Asia--perhaps even India--ever manage to
cast aside mind-numbing communist, Confucian and caste values, then the
region's talents could one day dominate the Nobel Prize lists, enriching the
world through intellectual property, not property development. And they will
be doing their creative thinking right here in Asia. Eventually, someone
might even ask, "Can Westerners think?"


ATTACHMENT IV 
Unraveling the Enigma
A pair of Japan watchers try to identity the country's essence in the midst
of rapid change

TIME, May 31, 1999, Page 48
 
By BARRY HILLENBRAND
 
Foreign writers are always trying to explain the enigma that is Japan.
Earnest and well‑meaning historians, journalists, economists and
anthropologists spend years gathering material for books that promise to lay
bare the country's mysteries, only to discover that once the book is at the
printers, Japan has changed yet again. Ultimately, Japan may be too complex
and far too dynamic for simple explanations fixed in time and print.
 
            That's the problem with T.R. Reid's Confucius Lives Next Door
(Random House; 276 pages). A former Tokyo Bureau chief of the Washington
Post, Reid set out to write a charming book explaining why it is that in
Japan unlocked bikes go unstolen, kids are all science and math geniuses who
seem to know logarithm tables by heart, and marriages are as durable as Mt.
Fuji. Reid clearly loves Japan and fills his book with idiosyncratic tales
of the pleasant everyday life he and his American family led in Tokyo. He
marvels at the paucity of unwed mothers and broken homes, the low rates of
drug use, vandalism and crime. All of this, he says, is "testament to the
fact that moral directives about obeying the law, honoring the family and
respecting fellow members of the community still have potent force."
 
            How did Japan become so idyllic? Reid's answer -- and the nub of
the book -- is Confucius, the Chinese scholar and teacher whose laws and
code of conduct still influence Japanese society. Reid is convinced the next
century will belong to Asia because the Confucian values he found in Japan
-- hard work, loyalty, honesty -- are spread throughout the region.
 
            Well, sure. It is true that such values have contributed to
Asia's success at the end of the 20th century -- just as the Protestant
ethic helped propel the West in earlier centuries. But Reid's view of Japan
as filled almost exclusively with industrious, socially considerate people
overlooks a great deal. It especially neglects the profound changes that
have swamped the country during the economic meltdown of the past several
years. Of course, the kids still score well in math and science tests in
school, but why is it that so few Japanese scientists become truly
distinguished and fewer still win Nobel prizes? Part of the answer is the
seniority system -- one of the great legacies of Confucius -- that causes
Japanese scientists to waste their creative youth washing test tubes for
bosses who are past their prime.
 
            And those model Japanese families? Well, there are few unwed
mothers because young women have abortions in staggering numbers -- at heavy
and largely ignored cost to their psyches. And when women do get married
they often see little of their husbands, who spend evenings drinking beer
with colleagues. During the prosperous 1980s women increasingly took
low‑paying part‑time jobs to help finance their children's rising education
fees. But in the '90s, companies fired these expendable women in an attempt
to protect male lifetime employment. And then those overstaffed companies
began collapsing because of their inability to reduce costs and increase
productivity. Shell‑shocked men, expecting an iron rice bowl, were tossed
out onto the streets. Unemployment was less than 2% when Reid arrived in
Tokyo to begin collecting tales of wondrous civility; it now stands at a
record 4.8%. Reid notes that despite the hard economic times, people are not
rioting. He also knows -- but does not tell us -- that Japanese are gloomy
and depressed these days even if they do not outwardly show it. Pessimism
has become a new national trait, one that can not be easily traced back to
Confucius.
 
            Nor is there much that Confucius -- or Reid -- would recognize
in the pages of Robert Whiting's Tokyo Underworld (Pantheon Books; 372
pages). Whiting describes a subculture filled with two‑bit pimps, charming
fraudsters and thoroughly corrupt politicians. So much for the orderly,
crime‑free Japan. Children may be safe when riding alone on the subway, but
politicians demand suitcases filled with cash from corporations looking for
contracts. In the murky underworld described by Whiting, Americans and
Japanese "exploit, use and abuse each other" in order to make money and hold
power. This is the dark side of the U.S.-Japan relationship that started
with the black markets of the immediate postwar era. By the time the
American military left Japan, writes Whiting, "the new era of democracy and
bilateral friendship being forged had a powerful, resilient underside. A
pattern of illicit collusion had been established through an extraordinary
mix of desperation and opportunism."
 
Whiting is not offering sweeping insights into how Japan works. He did that
with great flair in his excellent 1989 book about Japanese baseball, You
Gotta Have Wa, one of the best and certainly most readable introductions to
Japan. This time, Whiting provides fascinating snapshots of a Tokyo
outsiders seldom see, a world the Japanese would prefer to keep behind the
screen. He reminds us that Japan is a complex country with many different
types of people -- not all of them susceptible to the potent force of
Confucius. And not all of them are easily explained, which is why the enigma
of Japan continues.


List of Distribution

John M. Eger <jeger at mail.sdsu.edu>
Van Deerlin Chair of Communication and Public Policy
Executive Director, International Center for Communications
College of Professional Studies and Fine Arts
San Diego State University
5500 Campanile Drive, PFSA 160
San Diego, CA 92182-4522
619-594-6933
619-594-6910
Fax: 619-594-4488
jeger at mail.sdsu.edu
http://www.smartcommunities.org/
http://www.smartcommunities.org/guidebook.html
http://www.iicom.org/intermedia/july2001/eger.htm

P. Tapio Varis, Ph.D., Professor
Acting President, Global University System
UNESCO Chair in Global e-Learning with applications to multiple domains
Professor and Chair of Media Education
Research Center for Vocational Education & Hypermedia Laboratory
University of Tampere
P.O.Box 229
FIN-13101 Hameenlinna
FINLAND
Tel: +358-3-614-5608--office in Hameenlinna
Tel: +358-3-215 6243--mass media lab in Tampere
GSM: +3358-50-567-9833
Fax: +358-3-614-5611
tapio.varis at uta.fi
tapio.varis at hamk.fi
tapio.varis at helsinki.fi
http://www.uta.fi/~titava
www.ecml-eu.org -- about ECML project.
http://www.uta.fi/conference/mediaskills/
and
Principal Research Specialist
Unesco-Unevoc International Centre for Technical and Vocational
Education and Training
Bonn, Germany
t.varis at unevoc.unesco.org
www.unevoc.unesco.org

****************************************************************************
***
* Takeshi Utsumi, Ph.D., P.E., Chairman, GLOSAS/USA
*
* (GLObal Systems Analysis and Simulation Association in the U.S.A.)
*
* Laureate of Lord Perry Award for Excellence in Distance Education
*
* Founder and V.P. for Technology and Coordination of
*
*   Global University System (GUS)
*
* 43-23 Colden Street, Flushing, NY 11355-5913, U.S.A.
*
* Tel: 718-939-0928; Email: utsumi at columbia.edu
*
* 
http://www.itu.int/wsis/goldenbook/search/display.asp?Quest=8032562&lang=en
*
* http://www.friends-partners.org/GLOSAS/
*
* Tax Exempt ID: 11-2999676
*
****************************************************************************
***