[gu-l] (06/22/02) GUS/Nigeria with broadband Internet
Tak Utsumi
utsumi@columbia.edu
Sat, 22 Jun 2002 22:16:19 -0400
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<<June 18, 2002>>
Archived distributions can be retrieved by clicking =B3Correspondence=B2 in our
home page at <http://www.friends-partners.org/GLOSAS/>.
For those after 2/27/01, see or bookmark:
<http://www.friends-partners.org/pipermail/gu-l/> and click on =B3Date,=B2 for
example. The most recent archives are the bottom line.
Prof. G. Olalere Ajayi <gajayi@yahoo.com>
Charles Ugo. Eke <bychief@yahoo.com>
Vesper Owei <vesper@gwu.edu>
Dr. Joyce Wigwe <wigwej@yahoo.com>
HE Dr. Isaac C. Lamba <iclamba@yahoo.com>
John M. Eger <jeger@mail.sdsu.edu>
Mr. Yoshio Utsumi <yoshio.utsumi@itu.int>
Osita Ogbu, Ph.D. <oogbu@atpsnet.org>
Fabio S. LEITE <fabio.leite@itu.int>
Dr. Paul Lefrere <p.lefrere@open.ac.uk>
Dear Ola:
(1) It was certainly great pleasure to have met with you at Chemists Club i=
n
Manhattan yesterday afternoon. It was a very fruitful mtg with interesting
conversations.
(2) As promised, I am attaching a two-page brief project proposal to create
a GUS/Nigeria which was composed with Charles and Vesper upon request made
by Dr. Wigwe during the Nigerians In Diaspora Organization (NIDO) Americas
conference last April here in Flushing, NY. (I was sorry I did not include
its hard copy among the materials of our GUS and GLOSAS/USA which I gave to
you yesterday.)
>=20
> I am sure that you will also have a good mtg with Charles tomorrow mornin=
g in
> Abuja =8B before his return to the US on 6/24th Monday.
>=20
> As mentioned during our mtg, I would greatly appreciate it if you can kin=
dly
> discuss with Charles the possibility of my fact-finding trip to Nigeria i=
n the
> week of September 23rd so that, in the following week, I can deliver my
> keynote speech at the annual conference of the International Institute of
> Communications in Johannesburg, South Africa on 9/30th to 10/3rd =8B this i=
s
> only if Charles has not already fixed another dates for my trip.
(3) I was very delighted to hear of your willingness to work together with
us to create GUS/Nigeria.
I would expect to discuss further on this matter with your colleagues in
Nigeria soon.
In addition to the Japanese government funding sources we talked about,
there seems more sources are getting available out of the UN conference you
attended =8B see ATTACHMENT III below.
> Dear Paul:
>=20
> Many thanks for the info.
>=20
(4) I also thank you very much for your providing me with a diskette which
contained a PDF file of the =B3Nigerian National Policy for Information
Technology (IT), Federal Ministry of Science and Technology, Abuja, March,
2001.=B2
I have read it through all pages last night. This is very interesting and
exciting, indeed. It is very ambitious and holistic approach with the
so-called =B3Public-Private Partnership (PPP),=B2 which may be similar to John
Eger=B9s =B3Smart Community=B2 approach which I mentioned in my previous list
distribution. I am taking the liberty of distributing it to our list
members.
> Dear Dr. Lamba:
>=20
> Your government of Malawi may be of interest in this, too. Pls also forw=
ard
> this to your friend, Vice Chancellor of the University of Malawi.
(5) I was very delighted when I came to the very last sentence of the main
text, i.e., Chapter 16: POLICY IMPLEMENTATION/16.3 Strategies/(xxvi), which
reads as;
> =B3Encouraging Internet telephony as well as Voice over Internet Protocol
> (VoIP), to reduce the cost of telephony and make such services affordable=
to
> the populace.=B2
>=20
(6) Right after the Internet Telephony was invented by Mr. Kelvin, then a
graduate student at the University of Illinois in Champaign, IL, it was
found by elementary school children of SchoolNet in San Diego who were usin=
g
CUSeeMe videoconferencing via Internet (which was invented by Dick Cogger o=
f
Cornell University with US$800,000 (3 years) grant from the US National
Science Foundation).
During our =B3Global Lecture Hall (GLH)=B2 multipoint-to-multipoint, multimedia=
,
interactive videoconferencing in the summer of 1993 (which connected Moscow=
,
Apple Computer in Cupertino, CA, and California State University in Chico,
etc.), we tried to use it but in vain =8B we had to rely on the parallel use
of the CUSeeMe with ordinary audio conference via analog, circuit-switch
technology oriented Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS).
However, since then, the Internet Telephony was spread as a wild fire, and
POTS common carriers strongly objected. I was then listed one of strong
supporters in the petition submitted to the US Federal Communications
Commission (FCC), because of my previous effort of de-regulating Japanese
telecom policies for the use of email and de-monopolization and
privatization of the Japanese telecom industries (which was then emulated b=
y
many other countries =8B with over a half billion email users by now around
the world).
Before my workshop in Florianopolis, Brazil in the summer of 1996, I tested
it from New York to Tokyo and Finland with great success. I then tried to
use it in Florianopolis, but dismal failure. However, when I tried it agai=
n
with NetMeeting videoconference with Houston Community College from Manaus,
Amazon in the middle of rain forest jungle in the summer of 1998, it worked
beautifully with clear audio and reasonable video quality. The reason was
that, in 1996, Brazil had 13 Internet trunk lines to north America (5 to
Canada and the rest to the US), but each at 2 Mbs =8B total 26 Mbps. By 1998=
,
EMBRATEL of Brazil installed 3 of broadband digital Internet satellite link=
s
(45 Mbps/each link) to the north America.
After this demonstration in the summer of 1998, I visited the University of
Rondonia which is located very close to Bolivia. Even though they had
several thousands students, their campus was connected to the main office o=
f
EMBRATEL in the City of Porto Velho with only one 56 Kbps trunk line, thus
congesting all the time and their faculty gave it up saying =B3Internet is
Bad=B9!!
The above incidences and observations prompted me to initiate our Amazon
project with CampusNet (which will connect 6 federal universities via
satellite Internet) and Community Development Networks (which connect
schools, hospitals, libraries, local government offices and NGOs, etc., via
broadband wireless Internet units). Also, because of huge costs involved i=
n
them, I worked to have the Japanese government pledge US$15 billion to clos=
e
digital divide in developing countries during the Okinawa Summit in July,
2000 =8B incidentally, Mr. Koizumi, Prime Minister of Japan, will make anothe=
r
pledge of US$2 billion for aiding education in developing countries during
G8 Summit in Canada next week.
(7) From our many GLH videoconferencing since 1986, we learned that the
videoconferencing is a great benefit to e-learning. Its audio quality has
to be absolutely good, though its video quality can be less in higher
education =8B learners often kill the video in order to save the bandwidth to
receive good audio quality =8B in lower level, say, elementary schools,
however, both have to be very good quality.
We often make demonstrations of videoconferencing during our workshop not
only to show audiences its benefit, but also to show the availability of
audio via Internet, i.e., the possibility of inexpensive audio Internet
Telephony!!
(8) Incidentally, after initiating the use of computer conferencing for the
Price and Wage control from the Executive Office of the President under the
Nixon Administration in 1972, Prof. Turoff moved to New Jersey Institute of
technology to start Electronic Information Exchange System (EIES) -- but
alas, he avoided the use of the word =B3email,=B2 because he was afraid of
objections from analog, circuit-switch technology oriented POTS common
carriers. This was because it was a hey day of telex which was the major
revenue sources for the carriers at that time.
This was same in Japan when I worked on the extension of Telenet (a
predecessor of Internet) to Japan in late 1970s and early 1980s. The
officers of the Japanese Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications and of KD=
D
(overseas telecom authority) fiercely objected my appeal =8B even a famous
computer newspaper in England had a =B3Stop the Utusmi=B2 campaign article.
This was because the Japanese telecom policy said that any msg cannot be
exchanged through computer without changing its content =8B thus forfeiting
the use of email. As seeing the future of e-learning, I had to fight with
this regulation as costing all of my private fortune, and finally succeeded
in 1982 with a help of the late Commerce Secretary Malcom Baldridge =8B which
evidential materials I gave to you yesterday. (According to a material of
the International Telecommunications Union [ITU], the use of telex was
peaked a few years after 1982 and then drastically reduced and now almost
ceased.)
> Why? -- Japanese, particularly bureaucrat, did have the difficulty of the=
ir
> =B3mind-change=B2 on the value of packet-switch technology over the circuit s=
witch
> technology at that time =8B the principle of the former is =B3sharing=B2 the
> valuable telecom media, thus drastically cutting its cost compared with t=
hat
> of the latter is exclusive dominance of the media in order not to have
> interference and also to have high return of investment on the media by c=
ommon
> carriers, e.g., Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT) or KDD which were
> government monopoly organizations at that time.
>=20
>> Our GUS is extending this principle of sharing to information and knowle=
dge.
>> In a sense, we are moving from the capitalistic economy to egalitarian
>> society.
> Results? -- as mentioned above, more than a half billion email users arou=
nd
> the world.
>=20
> Who was the counterpart of my effort at the Japanese Ministry of Posts an=
d
> Telecommunications (MPT) at that time? -- Mr. Yoshio Utsumi whom you met =
at
> the UN conference on digital divide a few days ago.
Dear Mr. Yoshio Utsumi:
(9) I wholeheartedly congratulate your successful presentation at the UN
conference a few days ago (ATTACHMENT I) =8B I was sorry I could not attend
it.
You may be interested in reading the aforementioned =B3Nigerian National
Policy for Information Technology (IT), Federal Ministry of Science and
Technology, Abuja, March, 2001=B2 with the PDF file attached herewith.
As said above, Nigerians are now trying to leapfrog to broadband Internet,
-- of course, including Internet Telephony. Your ITU policy may follow the
suit as encouraging the same to other developing countries, rather than
merely pointing out the matter of low teledensity (of analog POTS) in
developing countries.
And better yet could be the convergence with the pledge which Prime Ministe=
r
Mr. Koizumi is going to make during the G8 Summit on 6/26-27 in Canada,
i.e., with emphasis on e-learning and e-healthcare system infrastructure
settings =8B as our GUS projects are now trying to do. This is because, as
you know well by now, Internet is the future of telecommunications with
audio, video and multimedia capabilities, and also the deployment of
broadband Internet naturally associates with the human resource development
(i.e., education/learning and training) and content development in order to
promote the digital literacy and also to subsidize high costs of the
broadband Internet trunk lines. This then necessitates the need of holisti=
c
approach =8B as Nigerian=B9s vision stated.
In a sense, the advent of packet-switch technology by Dr. Paul Baran (one o=
f
our list members) while he was at Rand Corporation in early 1960s, brought
the dawn of the knowledge society in the 21st century and is now reforming
societies around the world from ground up. We would like to expect your
prudent leadership since your ITU=B9s role is the very fundamental to this
social reformation.
Dear Dr. Ogbu:
(10) Many thanks for your msg (ATTACHMENT II) in response to my previous
list distribution of =B3[gu-l] (06/19/02) 21st Century Literacy (Tapio Varis)
and Smart Community Development (John Eger)=B2 which can now be retrieved at;
http://www.friends-partners.org/pipermail/gu-l/2002q2/date.html
(11) Your research proposal is excellent and very interesting =8B I read it
through all of them.
I took the liberty of giving its hard copy to Prof. Ajayi yesterday =8B he
told me that his NITDA is one of your members. I am also taking the libert=
y
of distributing it to our list members.
(12) I agree with you 100% that =B3We realize that unless the governance
regime is right, much of the talk about bridging the digital divide will
come to nothing.=B2
However, as mentioned above on the difficulty of =B3mind-change=B2 (which was
also warned by Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-1527) almost a half millennium
ago), Internet is a new wine, and is better to be stored in a new bag for
its governance =8B as Prof. Ajayi=B9s NITDA, -- rather than under the
jurisdiction of the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications (MPT) which ha=
s
dealt with analog circuit switch technology oriented POTS, and which was th=
e
home base of Mr. Yoshio Utsumi. Incidentally, although Mr. Koizumi, Prime
Minister, is now reforming the MPT, I still doubt if its telecom division
can cope with the need of holistic approach for the reformation of Japanese
society -- as NITDA envisions for Nigeria.
(13) About the high cost of Internet in countries other than in north
America, Yoshio once told me at his Director-General office that the high
costs was due to the fact that those Internet Serviced Providers (ISPs) in
those countries have to pay full cost of trans-Pacific or =ADAtlantic lines t=
o
the US. This is in a sense that the US and Canada are taking advantage of
inventors of the Internet.
For example, even for the analog telephony, Japan had to pay 60% of the lin=
e
cost for many years after the end of the last World War II =8B I believe it i=
s
now 50-50 split between Japan and the US. This was because the analog
telephony was invented by Graham Bell =8B in a sense, it was like a patent
system.
As Yoshio told me, this imbalance ought to be even out in due course along
with the increase of web sites in other countries to which Americans will
access, and also the trade issues.
Our GUS project approach is to have Japanese government=B9s ODA fund cover
this high trans-oceanic line cost for the global e-learning and e-healthcar=
e
by non-profit organizations =8B after all, the ODA is to help developing
countries. This was the basis of my helping the Japanese government=B9s
pledge of US$15 billion mentioned above, with a help from Dr. Hiroshi Inose=
,
then the top authority of Internet in Japan.
(14) BTW, your proposal does not mention of E-Rate. It may be a valuable
asset if you include its survey in various countries in Africa.
You may also survey on the licensing of 802.11 wireless protocol, since thi=
s
may take over 3G cellular phone system, thus forfeiting billions paid by
common carriers for the allocations of frequencies.
(15) As for its funding, you may try the InfoDev of the World Bank =8B visit
<http://www.worldbank.org/infodev> and find a category to suit with your
kind of research.
You may try to get an application form for the Grass Root Fund at the Japan
Embassy in Nairobi, but I doubt if its mission is to support your kind of
research. On the other hand, you may find the office of the Japan
International Corporation Agency (JICA) in Nairobi and ask their support.
This is because I once read an excellent survey report on e-learning in
African countries produced by one of their offices. They may support your
research =8B it is very valuable endeavor.
You may also write to Yoshio and/or Fabio at ITU. According to Fabio (whom
I met in Havana last February), Yoshio received a chunk of fund from the
Japanese government =8B probably out of the US$15 billion mentioned above.
(16) I look forward to receiving your finished report when completed.
Best, Tak
ATTACHMENT I=20
<<June 20, 2002>>
Excerpt from
http://www.cnn.com/2002/TECH/science/06/18/digital.divide.ap/index.html
=20
U.N. warns on global digital divide
June 19, 2002 Posted: 12:42 AM EDT (0442 GMT)
=20
The United Nations says 83 developing countries still have fewer than 10
telephone lines for every 100 people
-----------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED NATIONS (AP) -- With only a fraction of nearly half the world's
nations having access to telephones, the United Nations' telecommunications
agency has warned that the gap between the information "haves" and "have
nots" will continue to grow without concerted global action.
"A call from the United States to Switzerland costs less than five cents a
minute, whereas a call to many parts of Africa costs one dollar per minute,
or 20 times more," said Yoshio Utsumi, secretary-general of the
International Telecommunications Union, or ITU.
"If the price came down, African citizens would better be able to join the
international community."
At a two-day General Assembly session on information technology for
developing countries that ended Wednesday, Utsumi said 83 countries in
Africa, Asia and the former Soviet Union still have fewer than 10 telephone
lines for every 100 people.
> =A0QUOTE
> "The digital divide still yawns as widely as ever"
> - Kofi Annan, UN Secretary General
He said 25 countries have fewer than one phone line for every 100 people,
and 61 countries have less than 1 percent Internet use, primarily in Africa=
.
"It is quite obvious that humanity, for better or worse, is now entering an
age where information-oriented activities are a major part" of the economy,
Utsumi said. "Information has become the key to competitive advantage for
both business and modern states."
The ITU is helping developing countries to provide a regulatory framework
for private communications companies to invest safely and profitably to
boost telephone and Internet access, he said.
"Political leaders should make investment in this field the number one
priority," Utsumi said. "If we do not take any action, the gap between the
information 'haves' and 'have nots' will continue to grow."
Digital divide
While the globe is becoming more and more wired, Secretary-General Kofi
Annan also warned that "the digital divide still yawns as widely as ever,
with billions of people still unconnected to a global society."
He cited two major reasons -- that efforts have not included the
participation of developing countries at all stages, and that promising
initiatives did not live up to expectations.
"One of the principal causes was insufficient long-term commitment on the
part of initiators and sponsors," he said.
Annan called for the many initiatives currently being undertaken to come
together with a goal of narrowing the digital divide.
The ITU is taking the lead role in preparing for the first World Summit on
Information Technology, which will be held in two parts. The first in Genev=
a
from Dec. 10-12 will cover all major issues.
The second in the Tunisian capital, Tunis, in 2005 will focus on informatio=
n
technology for development.
Senegal spreads the Internet
Senegal's President Abdulaye Wade, who is in charge of an initiative by
African leaders to promote the spread of the Internet, said the digital gap
is starting to be filled.
He cited a new system of underwater fiberoptic communications which he bega=
n
in Senegal on May 28 that links Europe, Africa and Asia.
It shows "that our continent is well on its way towards digital emancipatio=
n
since this system allows Africa to be connected with full autonomy to the
global network," Wade said.
The project was implemented in several months "thanks to involvement of
enterprises from the south and north" and is an example of what African
leaders are trying to promote throughout the continent using private
partnerships, he said.
Wade said African leaders will be submitting a number of projects in the
telecommunications field to leaders of the seven major industrialized
nations and Russia at their summit in Canada on June 26-27
ATTACHMENT II=20
Subject: Re: [gu-l] (06/19/02) 21st Century Literacy (Tapio Varis) and Smar=
t
Community Development (John Eger)
Date: Thursday, June 20, 2002 9:31 AM
From: Osita Oogbu <oogbu@atpsnet.org>
To: <utsumi@columbia.edu>
Cc: Sekigawa <sekigawa@netium.com.br>, Melvin <ofu_chineke@yahoo.com>,
"Smaina@Atpsnet. Org" <smaina@atpsnet.org>
Dear Dr. Utsumi and colleagues
=20
I am grateful for the amount of information that is available through this
list. Those of us in Africa who are struggling to inform ourselves and
others on the many developments in this field are always grateful for any
information that we can pass on.
=20
On reading the latest distribution to the list, I realized that it might be
useful to share with the group the work we are proposing to do with respect
to the governance of ICTs in Africa. First, to solicit some intellectual
guidance on the work. Second, to seek guidance on the possible sources of
funding. We have already received some start-up fund from the Ford
Foundation but we would want to undertake the case studies in as many
countries as possible. How can we access the Japanese fund?
=20
We realize that unless the governance regime is right much of the talk abou=
t
bridging the digital divide will come to nothing. Please find attached the
concept paper which also sets out the research agenda for your attention.
=20
=20
I look forward to hearing from you. Please visit our website :
www.atpsnet.org <http://www.atpsnet.org> for more information on the
African Technology Policy Studies Network (ATPS).
=20
Sincerely,
=20
Osita Ogbu, Ph.D.
Executive Director
African Technology Policy Studies Network (ATPS)
3rd Floor, The Chancery, Valley Road
P.O. Box 10081-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
Tel: 254- 2 -714092/714168/714498
Fax: 254 -2 -714028
email: oogbu@atpsnet.org
website: www.atpsnet.org <http://www.atpsnet.org>
ATTACHMENT III=20
<<June 22, 2002>>
Excerpt from
http://www.siliconvalley.com/mld/siliconvalley/business/companies/hewlett_p=
a
ckard/3489580.htm?template=3DcontentModules/printstory.jsp
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Posted on Mon, Jun. 17, 2002
Microsoft, HP join UN effort to deliver technology to world's poor
NEW YORK (AP) - Microsoft Corp. and Hewlett-Packard Co. are two of a handfu=
l
of companies agreeing to divert 20 percent of their charity donations to th=
e
cause of providing developing countries with Internet and telephone service=
.
At a meeting of the United Nations General Assembly on Monday, both
companies announced they had joined the CEO Charter for Digital Development=
,
an initiative by the World Economic Forum being administered by the United
Nations.
In the case of Microsoft, which donated $36 million in cash and $179 millio=
n
in software last year, funds given to alleviate the so-called digital divid=
e
should surpass $43 million.
Hewlett-Packard is expected to add around $10 million of its philanthropy
budget, which was about $50 million last year.
Microsoft, which has contributed to technology programs in Poland, South
Africa, Kosovo and elsewhere, decided to join the initiative to take
advantage of the ``synergies'' that come with collaborating on aid projects=
,
said Bruce Brooks, Microsoft's director of community affairs.
H-P's philanthropy has set up Internet and telephone center projects in
Senegal, Ghana and South Africa, and soon, in Brazil, said Debra Dunn, H P'=
s
senior vice president of corporate affairs.
``These projects are not purely philanthropic,'' Dunn said. ``We're very
much lining up business opportunities in these countries. Unless we grow ou=
r
business, what we can do is very constrained.''
The thought that donor companies might use charity to increase their market=
s
in poor countries is seen by the UN as the key to bringing all the world's
inhabitants into the global economy, said Jose Maria Figueres Olsen, specia=
l
representative to secretary General Kofi Annan on technology and developmen=
t
issues.
``If they look at this to include business down the road, I think that's
perfectly valid,'' said Figueres-Olsen, a former president of Costa Rica.
``We should be trying to create a globe with six billion consumers.''
Dunn said H-P's just-completed merger with computer maker Compaq will boost
its charity budget -- but not by much.
``We will add Compaq's philanthropy budget to our own, but their giving was=
,
frankly, very modest,'' she said.
Microsoft and H-P are the initiative's lone American donor companies. Also
taking part are France's Vivendi Universal, South Africa's MIH Group,
Egypt's Masreya and Equitable Cardnetwork of the Philippines.
Figueres-Olsen said the initiative aims to recruit 150 member corporations
by year's end and collect hundreds of millions in donations.
The CEO Charter initiative is one of a few programs that aim to bring
communications technology -- and the economic gains that is believed to
follow -- to the world's poor.
The schemes often bring Internet-connected computers to schools or cafes --
sometimes in remote villages -- connecting them via satellite, allowing
villagers to check market prices for crops, sell handicrafts on the world
market or send e-mail to relatives abroad.
----------------------------------------------------------------- ------
=A9 2001 siliconvalley and wire service sources. All Rights Reserved.
http://www.siliconvalley.com
List of Distribution
Prof. G. Olalere Ajayi
Director General/CEO
National Information Technology Development Agency (NITDA)
Federal Ministry of Science & Technology
Plot 695, Port-Harcourt Crescent
Off Gimbiya Street=20
Garki 11, Abuja, Nigeria
Tel +234 9 314 2926
DL, +234 9 314 2923 or 25 Ext 147
Fax + 234 9 314 2924
GSM 0803 310 5938
gajayi@yahoo.com
gajayi@nitda.gov.ng
http://www.nitda.gov.ng/
Charles Ugo. Eke
Founder/CEO
Infotex Systems, Inc.
New Jersy
908.753.0030 X 11
bychief@yahoo.com
ceke@ureach.com
ceke@infotexsystems.com
http://www.Infotexsystems.com
Or,
EbusinessTec.com
Kindicare, Inc.
IOU & Liasion, LLC
Vesper Owei
Information Systems
George Washington University
Washington, D.C. 20052
202-994-4364
301-776-9490
vesper@gwu.edu
Dr. Joyce Wigwe
Special Assistant to Mr. President
Office of the President
Nigerian Government
Abuja, Nigeria
09-3141189
08033109970
wigwej@yahoo.com
HE Dr. Isaac C. Lamba
Ambassador and Permanent Representative
Republic of Malawi
Permanent Mission of Malawi to the United Nations
600 Third Avenue
New York, N.Y. 10016
Tel (212) 949-0180
Cel: 914-473-4551
Fax: (212) 599-5021
iclamba@yahoo.com
iclamba2@aol.com
UNMalawi@aol.com
John M. Eger
Executive Director
International Center for Communications
College of Professional Studies and Fine Arts
San Diego State University
San Diego, CA 92182-4522
619-594-6933
619-594-6910
Fax: 619-594-4488
jeger@mail.sdsu.edu
http://www.smartcommunities.org/
http://www.smartcommunities.org/guidebook.html
http://www.iicom.org/intermedia/july2001/eger.htm -- His paper on Smart
Communities in InterMedia.
Mr. Yoshio Utsumi
Director General
International Telecommunications Union (ITU)
Place des Nations
CH-1211 Geneva 20
Switzerland
+41-22-73051-15
Fax: +41-22-73051-37
yoshio.utsumi@itu.int
Osita Ogbu, Ph.D.
Executive Director
African Technology Policy Studies Network (ATPS)
3rd Floor, The Chancery, Valley Road
P.O. Box 10081-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
Tel: 254- 2 -714092/714168/714498
Fax: 254 -2 -714028
email: oogbu@atpsnet.org
website: www.atpsnet.org <http://www.atpsnet.org>
Fabio S. LEITE
Project Manager, IMT-2000
Office of the Secretary-General
International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
Place des Nations
CH-1211 Geneva 20
Switzerland
Tel.: +41 22 730 59 40
Mobile: +41 79 249 48 11
Fax: +41 22 730 65 00
fabio.leite@itu.int
www.itu.int
http://www.itu.int/osg/spu/ni/index.html -- New Initiatives Program
http://www.itu.int/wsis/ -- World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS)
Dr. Paul Lefrere
Senior Lecturer
Institute of Educational Technology
Director, Networking and Partnerships, Joint Information Systems Committee
(JISC)
Centre for Educational Technology Interoperability Systems
Open University
Walton Hall
Milton Keynes MK7 6AA
UNITED KINGDOM
Tel: +44-1-908 65 33 88
Fax: +44-1-908 67 28 02
p.lefrere@open.ac.uk
http://www-iet.open.ac.uk/
**********************************************************************
* Takeshi Utsumi, Ph.D., P.E., Chairman, GLOSAS/USA *
* (GLObal Systems Analysis and Simulation Association in the U.S.A.) *
* Laureate of Lord Perry Award for Excellence in Distance Education *
* Founder of CAADE *
* (Consortium for Affordable and Accessible Distance Education) *
* President Emeritus and V.P. for Technology and Coordination of *
* Global University System (GUS) *
* 43-23 Colden Street, Flushing, NY 11355-3998, U.S.A. *
* Tel: 718-939-0928; Fax: 718-939-0656 (day time only--prefer email) *
* Email: utsumi@columbia.edu; Tax Exempt ID: 11-2999676 *
* http://www.friends-partners.org/GLOSAS/ *
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<TITLE>(06/22/02) GUS/Nigeria with broadband Internet</TITLE>
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<FONT FACE=3D"Verdana"><<June 18, 2002>><BR>
Archived distributions can be retrieved by clicking “Correspondence&#=
8221; in our<BR>
home page at <http://www.friends-partners.org/GLOSAS/>.<BR>
For those after 2/27/01, see or bookmark:<BR>
<http://www.friends-partners.org/pipermail/gu-l/> and click on “=
;Date,” for<BR>
example. The most recent archives are the bottom line.<BR>
<BR>
Prof. G. Olalere Ajayi <gajayi@yahoo.com><BR>
<BR>
Charles Ugo. Eke <bychief@yahoo.com><BR>
<BR>
Vesper Owei <vesper@gwu.edu><BR>
<BR>
Dr. Joyce Wigwe <wigwej@yahoo.com><BR>
<BR>
HE Dr. Isaac C. Lamba <iclamba@yahoo.com><BR>
<BR>
John M. Eger <jeger@mail.sdsu.edu><BR>
<BR>
Mr. Yoshio Utsumi <yoshio.utsumi@itu.int><BR>
<BR>
Osita Ogbu, Ph.D. <<U>oogbu@atpsnet.org><BR>
<BR>
</U>Fabio S. LEITE <fabio.leite@itu.int><BR>
<BR>
Dr. Paul Lefrere <p.lefrere@open.ac.uk><BR>
<BR>
<BR>
<B><U>Dear Ola:<BR>
</U></B><BR>
(1) It was certainly great pleasure to have met with you at Chemists Club i=
n Manhattan yesterday afternoon. It was a very fruitful mtg with inter=
esting conversations.<BR>
<BR>
(2) As promised, I am attaching a two-page brief project proposal to create=
a GUS/Nigeria which was composed with Charles and Vesper upon request made =
by Dr. Wigwe during the Nigerians In Diaspora Organization (NIDO) Americas c=
onference last April here in Flushing, NY. (I was sorry I did not incl=
ude its hard copy among the materials of our GUS and GLOSAS/USA which I gave=
to you yesterday.)<BR>
</FONT><BLOCKQUOTE><FONT FACE=3D"Verdana"><BR>
I am sure that you will also have a good mtg with Charles tomorrow morning =
in Abuja — before his return to the US on 6/24th Monday.<BR>
<BR>
As mentioned during our mtg, I would greatly appreciate it if you can kindl=
y discuss with Charles the possibility of my fact-finding trip to Nigeria in=
the week of September 23rd so that, in the following week, I can deli=
ver my keynote speech at the annual conference of the International Institut=
e of Communications in Johannesburg, South Africa on 9/30th to 10/3rd —=
; this is only if Charles has not already fixed another dates for my trip.<B=
R>
</FONT></BLOCKQUOTE><FONT FACE=3D"Verdana"><BR>
(3) I was very delighted to hear of your willingness to work together with =
us to create GUS/Nigeria.<BR>
<BR>
I would expect to discuss further on this matter with your colleagues in Ni=
geria soon.<BR>
<BR>
In addition to the Japanese government funding sources we talked about, the=
re seems more sources are getting available out of the UN conference you att=
ended — see <B><U>ATTACHMENT III</U></B> below.<BR>
<BR>
</FONT><BLOCKQUOTE><FONT FACE=3D"Verdana"><B><U>Dear Paul:<BR>
</U></B><BR>
Many thanks for the info.<BR>
<BR>
</FONT></BLOCKQUOTE><FONT FACE=3D"Verdana">(4) I also thank you very much for=
your providing me with a diskette which contained a PDF file of the “=
Nigerian National Policy for Information Technology (IT), Federal Ministry o=
f Science and Technology, Abuja, March, 2001.”<BR>
<BR>
I have read it through all pages last night. This is very interesting=
and exciting, indeed. It is very ambitious and holistic approach with=
the so-called “Public-Private Partnership (PPP),” which may be =
similar to John Eger’s “Smart Community” approach which I =
mentioned in my previous list distribution. I am taking the liberty of=
distributing it to our list members.<BR>
<BR>
</FONT><BLOCKQUOTE><FONT FACE=3D"Verdana"><B><U>Dear Dr. Lamba:<BR>
</U></B><BR>
Your government of Malawi may be of interest in this, too. Pls also f=
orward this to your friend, Vice Chancellor of the University of Malawi.<BR>
</FONT></BLOCKQUOTE><FONT FACE=3D"Verdana"><BR>
(5) I was very delighted when I came to the very last sentence of the main =
text, i.e., Chapter 16: POLICY IMPLEMENTATION/16.3 Strategies/(xxvi), which =
reads as;<BR>
<BR>
</FONT><BLOCKQUOTE><FONT FACE=3D"Verdana">“Encouraging Internet telepho=
ny as well as Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), to reduce the cost of tel=
ephony and make such services affordable to the populace.”<BR>
<BR>
</FONT></BLOCKQUOTE><FONT FACE=3D"Verdana">(6) Right after the Internet Telep=
hony was invented by Mr. Kelvin, then a graduate student at the University o=
f Illinois in Champaign, IL, it was found by elementary school children of S=
choolNet in San Diego who were using CUSeeMe videoconferencing via Internet =
(which was invented by Dick Cogger of Cornell University with US$800,000 (3 =
years) grant from the US National Science Foundation).<BR>
<BR>
During our “Global Lecture Hall (GLH)” multipoint-to-multipoint=
, multimedia, interactive videoconferencing in the summer of 1993 (which con=
nected Moscow, Apple Computer in Cupertino, CA, and California State Univers=
ity in Chico, etc.), we tried to use it but in vain — we had to rely o=
n the parallel use of the CUSeeMe with ordinary audio conference via analog,=
circuit-switch technology oriented Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS).<BR>
<BR>
However, since then, the Internet Telephony was spread as a wild fire, and =
POTS common carriers strongly objected. I was then listed one of stron=
g supporters in the petition submitted to the US Federal Communications Comm=
ission (FCC), because of my previous effort of de-regulating Japanese teleco=
m policies for the use of email and de-monopolization and privatization of t=
he Japanese telecom industries (which was then emulated by many other countr=
ies — with over a half billion email users by now around the world).<B=
R>
<BR>
Before my workshop in Florianopolis, Brazil in the summer of 1996, I tested=
it from New York to Tokyo and Finland with great success. I then trie=
d to use it in Florianopolis, but dismal failure. However, when I trie=
d it again with NetMeeting videoconference with Houston Community College fr=
om Manaus, Amazon in the middle of rain forest jungle in the summer of 1998,=
it worked beautifully with clear audio and reasonable video quality. =
The reason was that, in 1996, Brazil had 13 Internet trunk lines to north Am=
erica (5 to Canada and the rest to the US), but each at 2 Mbs — total =
26 Mbps. By 1998, EMBRATEL of Brazil installed 3 of broadband digital =
Internet satellite links (45 Mbps/each link) to the north America.<BR>
<BR>
After this demonstration in the summer of 1998, I visited the University of=
Rondonia which is located very close to Bolivia. Even though they had=
several thousands students, their campus was connected to the main office o=
f EMBRATEL in the City of Porto Velho with only one 56 Kbps trunk line, thus=
congesting all the time and their faculty gave it up saying “Internet=
is Bad’!!<BR>
<BR>
The above incidences and observations prompted me to initiate our Amazon pr=
oject with CampusNet (which will connect 6 federal universities via sa=
tellite Internet) and Community Development Networks (which connect schools,=
hospitals, libraries, local government offices and NGOs, etc., via broadban=
d wireless Internet units). Also, because of huge costs involved in th=
em, I worked to have the Japanese government pledge US$15 billion to close d=
igital divide in developing countries during the Okinawa Summit in July, 200=
0 — incidentally, Mr. Koizumi, Prime Minister of Japan, will make anot=
her pledge of US$2 billion for aiding education in developing countries duri=
ng G8 Summit in Canada next week.<BR>
<BR>
(7) From our many GLH videoconferencing since 1986, we learned that the vid=
eoconferencing is a great benefit to e-learning. Its audio quality has=
to be absolutely good, though its video quality can be less in higher educa=
tion — learners often kill the video in order to save the bandwidth to=
receive good audio quality — in lower level, say, elementary schools,=
however, both have to be very good quality.<BR>
<BR>
We often make demonstrations of videoconferencing during our workshop not o=
nly to show audiences its benefit, but also to show the availability of audi=
o via Internet, i.e., the possibility of inexpensive audio Internet Telephon=
y!!<BR>
<BR>
(8) Incidentally, after initiating the use of computer conferencing for the=
Price and Wage control from the Executive Office of the President under the=
Nixon Administration in 1972, Prof. Turoff moved to New Jersey Institute of=
technology to start Electronic Information Exchange System (EIES) -- but al=
as, he avoided the use of the word “email,” because he was afrai=
d of objections from analog, circuit-switch technology oriented POTS common =
carriers. This was because it was a hey day of telex which was the maj=
or revenue sources for the carriers at that time.<BR>
<BR>
This was same in Japan when I worked on the extension of Telenet (a predece=
ssor of Internet) to Japan in late 1970s and early 1980s. The officers=
of the Japanese Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications and of KDD (overse=
as telecom authority) fiercely objected my appeal — even a famous comp=
uter newspaper in England had a “Stop the Utusmi” campaign artic=
le. This was because the Japanese telecom policy said that any msg can=
not be exchanged through computer without changing its content — thus =
forfeiting the use of email. As seeing the future of e-learning, I had=
to fight with this regulation as costing all of my private fortune, and fin=
ally succeeded in 1982 with a help of the late Commerce Secretary Malcom Bal=
dridge — which evidential materials I gave to you yesterday. (Ac=
cording to a material of the International Telecommunications Union [ITU], t=
he use of telex was peaked a few years after 1982 and then drastically reduc=
ed and now almost ceased.)<BR>
<BR>
</FONT><BLOCKQUOTE><FONT FACE=3D"Verdana">Why? -- Japanese, particularly bure=
aucrat, did have the difficulty of their “mind-change” on the va=
lue of packet-switch technology over the circuit switch technology at that t=
ime — the principle of the former is “sharing” the valuabl=
e telecom media, thus drastically cutting its cost compared with that of the=
latter is exclusive dominance of the media in order not to have interferenc=
e and also to have high return of investment on the media by common carriers=
, e.g., Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT) or KDD which were government mo=
nopoly organizations at that time.<BR>
<BR>
</FONT><BLOCKQUOTE><FONT FACE=3D"Verdana">Our GUS is extending this principle=
of sharing to information and knowledge. In a sense, we are moving fr=
om the capitalistic economy to egalitarian society.<BR>
</FONT></BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE><FONT FACE=3D"Verdana"><BR>
</FONT><BLOCKQUOTE><FONT FACE=3D"Verdana">Results? -- as mentioned above, mor=
e than a half billion email users around the world.<BR>
<BR>
Who was the counterpart of my effort at the Japanese Ministry of Posts and =
Telecommunications (MPT) at that time? -- Mr. Yoshio Utsumi whom you met at =
the UN conference on digital divide a few days ago.<BR>
</FONT></BLOCKQUOTE><FONT FACE=3D"Verdana"><BR>
<B><U>Dear Mr. Yoshio Utsumi:<BR>
</U></B><BR>
(9) I wholeheartedly congratulate your successful presentation at the UN co=
nference a few days ago (<B><U>ATTACHMENT I</U></B>) — I was sorry I c=
ould not attend it.<BR>
<BR>
You may be interested in reading the aforementioned “Nigerian Nationa=
l Policy for Information Technology (IT), Federal Ministry of Science and Te=
chnology, Abuja, March, 2001” with the PDF file attached herewith.<BR>
<BR>
As said above, Nigerians are now trying to leapfrog to broadband Internet, =
-- of course, including Internet Telephony. Your ITU policy may follow=
the suit as encouraging the same to other developing countries, rather than=
merely pointing out the matter of low teledensity (of analog POTS) in devel=
oping countries.<BR>
<BR>
And better yet could be the convergence with the pledge which Prime Ministe=
r Mr. Koizumi is going to make during the G8 Summit on 6/26-27 in Canada, i.=
e., with emphasis on e-learning and e-healthcare system infrastructure setti=
ngs — as our GUS projects are now trying to do. This is because,=
as you know well by now, Internet is the future of telecommunications with =
audio, video and multimedia capabilities, and also the deployment of broadba=
nd Internet naturally associates with the human resource development (i.e., =
education/learning and training) and content development in order to promote=
the digital literacy and also to subsidize high costs of the broadband Inte=
rnet trunk lines. This then necessitates the need of holistic approach=
— as Nigerian’s vision stated.<BR>
<BR>
In a sense, the advent of packet-switch technology by Dr. Paul Baran (one o=
f our list members) while he was at Rand Corporation in early 1960s, brought=
the dawn of the knowledge society in the 21st century and is now reforming =
societies around the world from ground up. We would like to expect you=
r prudent leadership since your ITU’s role is the very fundamental to =
this social reformation.<BR>
<BR>
<B><U>Dear Dr. Ogbu:<BR>
</U></B><BR>
(10) Many thanks for your msg (<B><U>ATTACHMENT II</U></B>) in response to =
my previous list distribution of “[gu-l] (06/19/02) 21st Century Liter=
acy (Tapio Varis) and Smart Community Development (John Eger)” which c=
an now be retrieved at;<BR>
http://www.friends-partners.org/pipermail/gu-l/2002q2/date.html<BR>
<BR>
(11) Your research proposal is excellent and very interesting — I rea=
d it through all of them.<BR>
<BR>
I took the liberty of giving its hard copy to Prof. Ajayi yesterday —=
he told me that his NITDA is one of your members. I am also taking th=
e liberty of distributing it to our list members.<BR>
<BR>
(12) I agree with you 100% that “</FONT><FONT SIZE=3D"4"><FONT FACE=3D"Ar=
ial">We realize that unless the governance regime is right, much of the talk=
about bridging the digital divide will come to nothing.”<BR>
<BR>
However, as mentioned above on the difficulty of “mind-change” =
(which was also warned by Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-1527) almost a half mill=
ennium ago), Internet is a new wine, and is better to be stored in a new bag=
for its governance — as Prof. Ajayi’s NITDA, -- rather than und=
er the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications (MPT) wh=
ich has dealt with analog circuit switch technology oriented POTS, and which=
was the home base of Mr. Yoshio Utsumi. Incidentally, although Mr. Ko=
izumi, Prime Minister, is now reforming the MPT, I still doubt if its teleco=
m division can cope with the need of holistic approach for the reformation o=
f Japanese society -- as NITDA envisions for Nigeria.<BR>
<BR>
(13) About the high cost of Internet in countries other than in north Ameri=
ca, Yoshio once told me at his Director-General office that the high costs w=
as due to the fact that those Internet Serviced Providers (ISPs) in those co=
untries have to pay full cost of trans-Pacific or –Atlantic lines to t=
he US. This is in a sense that the US and Canada are taking advantage =
of inventors of the Internet.<BR>
<BR>
For example, even for the analog telephony, Japan had to pay 60% of the lin=
e cost for many years after the end of the last World War II — I belie=
ve it is now 50-50 split between Japan and the US. This was because th=
e analog telephony was invented by Graham Bell — in a sense, it was li=
ke a patent system.<BR>
<BR>
As Yoshio told me, this imbalance ought to be even out in due course along =
with the increase of web sites in other countries to which Americans will ac=
cess, and also the trade issues.<BR>
<BR>
Our GUS project approach is to have Japanese government’s ODA fund co=
ver this high trans-oceanic line cost for the global e-learning and e-health=
care by non-profit organizations — after all, the ODA is to help devel=
oping countries. This was the basis of my helping the Japanese governm=
ent’s pledge of US$15 billion mentioned above, with a help from Dr. Hi=
roshi Inose, then the top authority of Internet in Japan.<BR>
<BR>
(14) BTW, your proposal does not mention of E-Rate. It may be a valua=
ble asset if you include its survey in various countries in Africa.<BR>
<BR>
You may also survey on the licensing of 802.11 wireless protocol, since thi=
s may take over 3G cellular phone system, thus forfeiting billions paid by c=
ommon carriers for the allocations of frequencies.<BR>
</FONT></FONT><FONT FACE=3D"Verdana"><BR>
(15) As for its funding, you may try the InfoDev of the World Bank — =
visit <http://www.worldbank.org/infodev> and find a category to suit w=
ith your kind of research.<BR>
</FONT><FONT SIZE=3D"4"><FONT FACE=3D"Arial"><BR>
You may try to get an application form for the Grass Root Fund at the Japan=
Embassy in Nairobi, but I doubt if its mission is to support your kind of r=
esearch. On the other hand, you may find the office of the Japan Inter=
national Corporation Agency (JICA) in Nairobi and ask their support. T=
his is because I once read an excellent survey report on e-learning in Afric=
an countries produced by one of their offices. They may support your r=
esearch — it is very valuable endeavor.<BR>
<BR>
You may also write to Yoshio and/or Fabio at ITU. According to Fabio =
(whom I met in Havana last February), Yoshio received a chunk of fund from t=
he Japanese government — probably out of the US$15 billion mentioned a=
bove.<BR>
</FONT></FONT><FONT FACE=3D"Verdana"><BR>
(16) I look forward to receiving your finished report when completed.<BR>
<BR>
Best, Tak<BR>
<BR>
<HR ALIGN=3DCENTER SIZE=3D"3" WIDTH=3D"95%"></FONT>
<P ALIGN=3DCENTER>
<FONT FACE=3D"Verdana"><B><U>ATTACHMENT I
</U></B></FONT>
<P>
<FONT FACE=3D"Verdana"><BR>
<<June 20, 2002>><BR>
Excerpt from<BR>
http://www.cnn.com/2002/TECH/science/06/18/digital.divide.ap/index.html<BR>
<BR>
U.N. warns on global digital divide<BR>
<BR>
June 19, 2002 Posted: 12:42 AM EDT (0442 GMT)<BR>
<BR>
The United Nations says 83 developing countries still have fewer than 10 te=
lephone lines for every 100 people <BR>
-----------------------------------------------------------------<BR>
<BR>
<BR>
UNITED NATIONS (AP) -- With only a fraction of nearly half the world's nati=
ons having access to telephones, the United Nations' telecommunications agen=
cy has warned that the gap between the information "haves" and &qu=
ot;have nots" will continue to grow without concerted global action. <B=
R>
<BR>
"A call from the United States to Switzerland costs less than five cen=
ts a minute, whereas a call to many parts of Africa costs one dollar per min=
ute, or 20 times more," said Yoshio Utsumi, secretary-general of the In=
ternational Telecommunications Union, or ITU. <BR>
<BR>
"If the price came down, African citizens would better be able to join=
the international community." <BR>
<BR>
At a two-day General Assembly session on information technology for develop=
ing countries that ended Wednesday, Utsumi said 83 countries in Africa, Asia=
and the former Soviet Union still have fewer than 10 telephone lines for ev=
ery 100 people. <BR>
<BR>
</FONT><BLOCKQUOTE><FONT FACE=3D"Verdana">?QUOTE<BR>
"The digital divide still yawns as widely as ever"<BR>
- Kofi Annan, UN Secretary General<BR>
</FONT></BLOCKQUOTE><FONT FACE=3D"Verdana"><BR>
He said 25 countries have fewer than one phone line for every 100 people, a=
nd 61 countries have less than 1 percent Internet use, primarily in Africa. =
<BR>
<BR>
"It is quite obvious that humanity, for better or worse, is now enteri=
ng an age where information-oriented activities are a major part" of th=
e economy, Utsumi said. "Information has become the key to competitive =
advantage for both business and modern states." <BR>
<BR>
The ITU is helping developing countries to provide a regulatory framework f=
or private communications companies to invest safely and profitably to boost=
telephone and Internet access, he said. <BR>
<BR>
"Political leaders should make investment in this field the number one=
priority," Utsumi said. "If we do not take any action, the gap be=
tween the information 'haves' and 'have nots' will continue to grow." <=
BR>
<BR>
Digital divide<BR>
<BR>
While the globe is becoming more and more wired, Secretary-General Kofi Ann=
an also warned that "the digital divide still yawns as widely as ever, =
with billions of people still unconnected to a global society." <BR>
<BR>
He cited two major reasons -- that efforts have not included the participat=
ion of developing countries at all stages, and that promising initiatives di=
d not live up to expectations. <BR>
<BR>
"One of the principal causes was insufficient long-term commitment on =
the part of initiators and sponsors," he said. <BR>
<BR>
Annan called for the many initiatives currently being undertaken to come to=
gether with a goal of narrowing the digital divide. <BR>
<BR>
The ITU is taking the lead role in preparing for the first World Summit on =
Information Technology, which will be held in two parts. The first in Geneva=
from Dec. 10-12 will cover all major issues. <BR>
<BR>
The second in the Tunisian capital, Tunis, in 2005 will focus on informatio=
n technology for development. <BR>
<BR>
Senegal spreads the Internet<BR>
<BR>
Senegal's President Abdulaye Wade, who is in charge of an initiative by Afr=
ican leaders to promote the spread of the Internet, said the digital gap is =
starting to be filled. <BR>
<BR>
He cited a new system of underwater fiberoptic communications which he bega=
n in Senegal on May 28 that links Europe, Africa and Asia. <BR>
<BR>
It shows "that our continent is well on its way towards digital emanci=
pation since this system allows Africa to be connected with full autonomy to=
the global network," Wade said. <BR>
<BR>
The project was implemented in several months "thanks to involvement o=
f enterprises from the south and north" and is an example of what Afric=
an leaders are trying to promote throughout the continent using private part=
nerships, he said. <BR>
<BR>
Wade said African leaders will be submitting a number of projects in the te=
lecommunications field to leaders of the seven major industrialized nations =
and Russia at their summit in Canada on June 26-27 <BR>
<HR ALIGN=3DCENTER SIZE=3D"3" WIDTH=3D"95%"></FONT>
<P ALIGN=3DCENTER>
<FONT FACE=3D"Verdana"><B><U>ATTACHMENT II</U></B>=20
</FONT>
<P>
<FONT FACE=3D"Verdana"><BR>
<B>Subject: </B>Re: [gu-l] (06/19/02) 21st Century Literacy (Tapio Varis) a=
nd Smart Community Development (John Eger)<BR>
<B>Date: </B>Thursday, June 20, 2002 9:31 AM<BR>
<B>From: </B>Osita Oogbu <oogbu@atpsnet.org><BR>
<B>To: </B><utsumi@columbia.edu><BR>
<B>Cc: </B>Sekigawa <sekigawa@netium.com.br>, Melvin <ofu_chineke@=
yahoo.com>, "Smaina@Atpsnet. Org" <smaina@atpsnet.org><BR=
>
<BR>
Dear Dr. Utsumi and colleagues<BR>
<BR>
I am grateful for the amount of information that is available through this =
list. Those of us in Africa who are struggling to inform ourselves and other=
s on the many developments in this field are always grateful for any informa=
tion that we can pass on.<BR>
<BR>
On reading the latest distribution to the list, I realized that it might be=
useful to share with the group the work we are proposing to do with respect=
to the governance of ICTs in Africa. First, to solicit some intellectual gu=
idance on the work. Second, to seek guidance on the possible sources of fund=
ing. We have already received some start-up fund from the Ford Foundation bu=
t we would want to undertake the case studies in as many countries as possib=
le. How can we access the Japanese fund?<BR>
<BR>
We realize that unless the governance regime is right much of the talk abou=
t bridging the digital divide will come to nothing. Please find attached the=
concept paper which also sets out the research agenda for your attention.<B=
R>
<BR>
<BR>
I look forward to hearing from you. Please visit our website : www.atpsnet.=
org <http://www.atpsnet.org> for more information on the African=
Technology Policy Studies Network (ATPS).<BR>
<BR>
Sincerely,<BR>
<BR>
Osita Ogbu, Ph.D.<BR>
Executive Director<BR>
African Technology Policy Studies Network (ATPS)<BR>
3rd Floor, The Chancery, Valley Road<BR>
P.O. Box 10081-00100, Nairobi, Kenya<BR>
Tel: 254- 2 -714092/714168/714498<BR>
Fax: 254 -2 -714028<BR>
email: oogbu@atpsnet.org<BR>
website: www.atpsnet.org <http://www.atpsnet.org> <BR>
<HR ALIGN=3DCENTER SIZE=3D"3" WIDTH=3D"95%"></FONT>
<P ALIGN=3DCENTER>
<FONT FACE=3D"Verdana"><B><U>ATTACHMENT III
</U></B></FONT>
<P>
<FONT FACE=3D"Verdana"><BR>
</FONT><FONT FACE=3D"Geneva"><<June 22, 2002>><BR>
Excerpt from<BR>
http://www.siliconvalley.com/mld/siliconvalley/business/companies/hewlett_p=
ackard/3489580.htm?template=3DcontentModules/printstory.jsp<BR>
<BR>
-----------------------------------------------------------------------<BR>
<BR>
Posted on Mon, Jun. 17, 2002<BR>
<BR>
Microsoft, HP join UN effort to deliver technology to world's poor<BR>
<BR>
NEW YORK (AP) - Microsoft Corp. and Hewlett-Packard Co. are two of a handfu=
l of companies agreeing to divert 20 percent of their charity donations to t=
he cause of providing developing countries with Internet and telephone servi=
ce.<BR>
<BR>
At a meeting of the United Nations General Assembly on Monday, both compani=
es announced they had joined the CEO Charter for Digital Development, an ini=
tiative by the World Economic Forum being administered by the United Nations=
.<BR>
<BR>
In the case of Microsoft, which donated $36 million in cash and $179 millio=
n in software last year, funds given to alleviate the so-called digital divi=
de should surpass $43 million.<BR>
<BR>
Hewlett-Packard is expected to add around $10 million of its philanthropy b=
udget, which was about $50 million last year.<BR>
<BR>
Microsoft, which has contributed to technology programs in Poland, South Af=
rica, Kosovo and elsewhere, decided to join the initiative to take advantage=
of the ``synergies'' that come with collaborating on aid projects, said Bru=
ce Brooks, Microsoft's director of community affairs.<BR>
<BR>
H-P's philanthropy has set up Internet and telephone center projects in Sen=
egal, Ghana and South Africa, and soon, in Brazil, said Debra Dunn, H P's se=
nior vice president of corporate affairs.<BR>
<BR>
``These projects are not purely philanthropic,'' Dunn said. ``We're very mu=
ch lining up business opportunities in these countries. Unless we grow our b=
usiness, what we can do is very constrained.''<BR>
<BR>
The thought that donor companies might use charity to increase their market=
s in poor countries is seen by the UN as the key to bringing all the world's=
inhabitants into the global economy, said Jose Maria Figueres Olsen, specia=
l representative to secretary General Kofi Annan on technology and developme=
nt issues.<BR>
<BR>
``If they look at this to include business down the road, I think that's pe=
rfectly valid,'' said Figueres-Olsen, a former president of Costa Rica. ``We=
should be trying to create a globe with six billion consumers.''<BR>
<BR>
Dunn said H-P's just-completed merger with computer maker Compaq will boost=
its charity budget -- but not by much.<BR>
<BR>
``We will add Compaq's philanthropy budget to our own, but their giving was=
, frankly, very modest,'' she said.<BR>
<BR>
Microsoft and H-P are the initiative's lone American donor companies. Also =
taking part are France's Vivendi Universal, South Africa's MIH Group, Egypt'=
s Masreya and Equitable Cardnetwork of the Philippines.<BR>
<BR>
Figueres-Olsen said the initiative aims to recruit 150 member corporations =
by year's end and collect hundreds of millions in donations.<BR>
<BR>
The CEO Charter initiative is one of a few programs that aim to bring commu=
nications technology -- and the economic gains that is believed to follow --=
to the world's poor.<BR>
<BR>
The schemes often bring Internet-connected computers to schools or cafes --=
sometimes in remote villages -- connecting them via satellite, allowing vil=
lagers to check market prices for crops, sell handicrafts on the world marke=
t or send e-mail to relatives abroad.<BR>
----------------------------------------------------------------- ------<BR=
>
© 2001 siliconvalley and wire service sources. All Rights Reserved.<BR=
>
http://www.siliconvalley.com <BR>
</FONT><FONT FACE=3D"Verdana"><HR ALIGN=3DCENTER SIZE=3D"3" WIDTH=3D"95%"></FONT>
<P ALIGN=3DCENTER>
<FONT FACE=3D"Verdana"><B><U>List of Distribution
</U></B></FONT>
<P>
<FONT FACE=3D"Verdana"><BR>
Prof. G. Olalere Ajayi<BR>
Director General/CEO<BR>
National Information Technology Development Agency (NITDA)<BR>
Federal Ministry of Science & Technology<BR>
Plot 695, Port-Harcourt Crescent<BR>
Off Gimbiya Street <BR>
Garki 11, Abuja, Nigeria <BR>
Tel +234 9 314 2926<BR>
DL, +234 9 314 2923 or 25 Ext 147 <BR>
Fax + 234 9 314 2924 <BR>
GSM 0803 310 5938<BR>
gajayi@yahoo.com<BR>
gajayi@nitda.gov.ng<BR>
http://www.nitda.gov.ng/<BR>
<BR>
Charles Ugo. Eke<BR>
Founder/CEO<BR>
Infotex Systems, Inc.<BR>
New Jersy<BR>
908.753.0030 X 11<BR>
bychief@yahoo.com<BR>
ceke@ureach.com<BR>
ceke@infotexsystems.com<BR>
http://www.Infotexsystems.com<BR>
Or,<BR>
EbusinessTec.com<BR>
Kindicare, Inc.<BR>
IOU & Liasion, LLC<BR>
<BR>
Vesper Owei<BR>
Information Systems<BR>
George Washington University<BR>
Washington, D.C. 20052<BR>
202-994-4364<BR>
301-776-9490<BR>
vesper@gwu.edu<BR>
<BR>
Dr. Joyce Wigwe<BR>
Special Assistant to Mr. President<BR>
Office of the President<BR>
Nigerian Government<BR>
Abuja, Nigeria<BR>
09-3141189<BR>
08033109970<BR>
wigwej@yahoo.com<BR>
<BR>
HE Dr. Isaac C. Lamba<BR>
Ambassador and Permanent Representative<BR>
Republic of Malawi<BR>
Permanent Mission of Malawi to the United Nations<BR>
600 Third Avenue<BR>
New York, N.Y. 10016<BR>
Tel (212) 949-0180<BR>
Cel: 914-473-4551<BR>
Fax: (212) 599-5021<BR>
iclamba@yahoo.com<BR>
iclamba2@aol.com<BR>
UNMalawi@aol.com<BR>
<BR>
John M. Eger<BR>
Executive Director<BR>
International Center for Communications<BR>
College of Professional Studies and Fine Arts<BR>
San Diego State University<BR>
San Diego, CA 92182-4522<BR>
619-594-6933<BR>
619-594-6910<BR>
Fax: 619-594-4488<BR>
jeger@mail.sdsu.edu<BR>
http://www.smartcommunities.org/<BR>
http://www.smartcommunities.org/guidebook.html<BR>
http://www.iicom.org/intermedia/july2001/eger.htm -- His paper on Smart Com=
munities in InterMedia.<BR>
<BR>
Mr. Yoshio Utsumi<BR>
Director General<BR>
International Telecommunications Union (ITU)<BR>
Place des Nations<BR>
CH-1211 Geneva 20<BR>
Switzerland<BR>
+41-22-73051-15<BR>
Fax: +41-22-73051-37<BR>
yoshio.utsumi@itu.int<BR>
<BR>
Osita Ogbu, Ph.D.<BR>
Executive Director<BR>
African Technology Policy Studies Network (ATPS)<BR>
3rd Floor, The Chancery, Valley Road<BR>
P.O. Box 10081-00100, Nairobi, Kenya<BR>
Tel: 254- 2 -714092/714168/714498<BR>
Fax: 254 -2 -714028<BR>
email: <U>oogbu@atpsnet.org<BR>
</U>website: www.atpsnet.org <<U>http://www.atpsnet.org</U>><BR>
<BR>
<U><BR>
</U>Fabio S. LEITE<BR>
Project Manager, IMT-2000<BR>
Office of the Secretary-General<BR>
International Telecommunication Union (ITU)<BR>
Place des Nations<BR>
CH-1211 Geneva 20<BR>
Switzerland<BR>
Tel.: +41 22 730 59 40<BR>
Mobile: +41 79 249 48 11<BR>
Fax: +41 22 730 65 00=
<BR>
fabio.leite@itu.int<BR>
www.itu.int<BR>
http://www.itu.int/osg/spu/ni/index.html -- New Initiatives Program<BR>
http://www.itu.int/wsis/ -- World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS)<=
BR>
<BR>
Dr. Paul Lefrere<BR>
Senior Lecturer<BR>
Institute of Educational Technology<BR>
Director, Networking and Partnerships, Joint Information Systems Committee<=
BR>
(JISC)<BR>
Centre for Educational Technology Interoperability Systems<BR>
Open University<BR>
Walton Hall<BR>
Milton Keynes MK7 6AA<BR>
UNITED KINGDOM<BR>
Tel: +44-1-908 65 33 88<BR>
Fax: +44-1-908 67 28 02<BR>
p.lefrere@open.ac.uk<BR>
<U>http://www-iet.open.ac.uk/<BR>
</U></FONT><FONT FACE=3D"Courier">*******************************************=
***************************<BR>
* Takeshi Utsumi, Ph.D., P.E., Chairman, GLOSAS/USA  =
; &nb=
sp;*<BR>
* (GLObal Systems Analysis and Simulation Association in the U.S.A.) *<BR>
* Laureate of Lord Perry Award for Excellence in Distance Education *=
<BR>
* Founder of CAADE &n=
bsp; =
&nbs=
p; &n=
bsp; *<BR>
* (Consortium for Affordable and Accessible Distance Education)  =
; *<BR>
* President Emeritus and V.P. for Technology and Coordination of &nbs=
p; *<BR>
* Global University System (GUS) =
&nbs=
p; &n=
bsp; *<BR>
* 43-23 Colden Street, Flushing, NY 11355-3998, U.S.A. &n=
bsp; *<BR>
* Tel: 718-939-0928; Fax: 718-939-0656 (day time only--prefer email) *<BR>
* Email: utsumi@columbia.edu; Tax Exempt ID: 11-2999676 &=
nbsp; *<BR>
* http://www.friends-partners.org/GLOSAS/ &nb=
sp; &=
nbsp; *<BR>
**********************************************************************<BR>
</FONT>
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