[FPSPACE] articles from People's Liberation army...
Peter Pesavento
eagles267@wwainc.com
Sat, 25 Oct 2003 11:57:33 -0400
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these links have original courtesy of Luc...three below:
A) China to launch space station modules
B) the technological advantages of Shenzou spacecraft
C) comments on China's space engineering
=20
China to launch space station modules
??BEIJING, Oct. 24 (Xinhuanet) -- The Jiuquan Satellite Launch =
Center, which put China's first manned spacecraft onto the orbit early =
this month, is capable of launching modules of space stations in the =
future, says a senior official at the center.=20
??Some facilities at the center as well as the propellant of the =
rocket might need to be upgraded however, said Yu Jianping, =
deputydesigner-in-chief of the launch center system and director of the =
Beijing Special Engineering Design Institute.=20
??The center was world-class and could be used to launch a =
10-tonmodule of space station after the upgrading.=20
??Construction of the launch center began in 1993 and was =
completed in 1998. It assembles, tests and transports rockets and space =
vehicles in an upright way and through remote and automatic control.=20
??It was of the most advanced model in the world, ensuring the =
efficiency and quality of rocket and spacecraft assembly and testing, he =
said.=20
??The center had two upright assembly platforms and one launch =
pad, which allowed it to launch a space station capable of dockingby =
different modules in the space. The center could conduct two launches a =
week.=20
??All the equipment and installations at the center were =
designedto accommodate the launch of space stations in the future. The =
assembly workshop had an access, eight meters tall and eight meters =
wide, to allow for the future movement of a space station.=20
=20
=20
The technological advantages of Shenzhou spacecraft: Zhang Qingwei
??On the occasion of the nationwide celebration of China's successful =
launch of first manned spaceflight, Zhang Qingwei, deputy commander of =
China's Manned Space flight Program, general manager of China Aerospace =
Science & Technology Corp., talked about the technological advancement =
of the Shenzhou spacecraft with the reporter.
??Zhang pointed out that, from 1999 to 2003, China successfully launched =
five "Shenzhou" spaceships, four unmanned and one manned, and achieved =
breakthroughs in 13 key technologies including re-entry lift control of =
manned spacecraft, emergency rescue, soft landing, GNC malfunction =
diagnosis, module-segment separation and heat-proof. As China's =
cross-century project in the hi-tech field, "Shenzhou" spacecraft boasts =
superiority in overall performance, which has reached the world advanced =
level of the 1990s.
??"Shenzhou" has distinct Chinese characteristics in terms of its =
structure and general mode. Although China's manned spacecraft program =
started rather late, but it does not mechanically follow the steps of =
"Gagarin" times ---from unmanned, to manned by a single pilot, then =
finally to be manned by a group of astronauts--but realized leapfrog =
development by crossing over the forty-year development period of =
Americans and Russians by a single giant stride. "Shenzhou" is capable =
of carrying three astronauts from the very beginning; for the first =
manned flight, Gagarin only flied one circle around the earth, Alan B. =
Shepard Jr. only made sub-orbital flight, but the Chinese astronaut =
flied for one day on low earth orbit. Foreign manned spacecrafts firstly =
tried with small animals for their astronaut environment control and =
life support systems, while China adopted an advanced modern device-a =
simulated man --to imitate the oxygen and carbon dioxide consumed by the =
"astronaut", and to track the physiological changes of astronauts =
through ground observation stations.=20
??"Shenzhou" is highly adaptable. Its orbital module can stay in the =
orbit for to-the-ground observation, and at the same time act as a =
flight vehicle prepared for docking in future. In foreign countries two =
space vehicles would be launched at one time, but in China one is =
launched first and its orbital module would stay in space, waiting to =
dock with the next one in the future. To realize docking, foreign =
countries have to launch 2N times, while China launches N+1 times. So =
long as N>1, for example, if N is 5, foreign countries need to launch 10 =
spaceships, while China needs only to launch 6 spacecraft. Therefore, =
China needs to launch fewer spaceships in comparison with foreign =
countries, and could save a large amount of launching cost and at the =
same time orbital module in space can be used for scientific =
experiments. China has embarked on a road of developing manned =
spacecraft with low cost and high returns.=20
??Zhang then displayed a chart on the computer and explained to the =
reporter that, compared with America's first test spacecraft "Mercury", =
and the former Soviet Union's first test spacecraft "Vostok", "Shenzhou" =
boasts remarkable technological advantages. "Shenzhou" far exceeds US =
"Mercury" and the former Soviet Union's "Vostok" in terms of lift-off =
mass and maximum cabin diameter as well as structural functions of =
cabin, and the electricity, gas and liquid connections between modules =
and separation technology are more complicated. "Shenzhou" is mainly =
powered by solar cell array, which is a remarkable progress compared to =
"Mercury" and "Vostok" in terms of electricity system. Especially, =
"Shenzhou" adopts the lifting re-entry mode, with the lifting control =
conducted by GNC sub-system during the re-entry process. This is a =
re-entry mode which is more advanced than the ballistic one, since it =
could raise by large margin the spaceship's landing precision when it =
flies to the preset landing site and reduce the re-entry overload peak, =
thus the overload pain suffered by the astronaut during the re-entry =
process would also be mitigated.
??Following this, Zhang displayed another chart on his computer and =
pointed out that, compared with the advanced spacecraft in the 1990s in =
the world, namely "Soyuz" TM spacecraft, "Shenzhou" has the equivalent =
performance in terms of re-entry mode, landing precision and re-entry =
overload peak, providing a more comfortable environment for astronaut's =
work and life.=20
??At last, Zhang said proudly, "Shenzhou" can serve as China's real =
great vehicle to travel between the earth and the space.=20
??By Zuo Saichun and Zhang Feng
??(October 22, PLA Daily)
=20
Comments on China's manned space-engineering =20
On the occasion when all Chinese people were celebrating the success of =
our first manned spaceflight, Zhang Qingwei, deputy general commander of =
the nation's Manned Space Flight Project and president of China =
Aerospace Science & Technology Corporation, received an interview by our =
reporter on the points of China's manned space-engineering achievements =
and prospect of the industry.=20
??Zhang summarized our manned space-engineering achievements into four =
aspects: breakthroughs in a batch of difficult technical problems =
recognized by international astronautical circles, training and =
upbringing of a batch of young space science and technology backbone =
contingent, constructing a large batch of world advanced space =
laboratories, establishing a set of standards and specifications for the =
manned space flight project with independent intellectual property =
rights.=20
??Breakthroughs in a batch of difficult technical problems recognized by =
international astronautical circles=20
??Zhang pointed out, manned space flight is one of the most difficult =
projects in aerospace technology; it requires the solution of the R&D =
technology of spaceship, highly reliable carrier rocket technology, =
orbital control technology, recovery technology and other difficult =
technical problems recognized by international astronautical circles. =
After many years of independently tackling difficult technical problems, =
China has mastered a large batch of key technologies with independent =
intellectual property rights and formed core competitive power in this =
field.=20
??The "Shenzhou" spaceship is a kind of satellite manned spacecraft =
developed independently by China, its design scheme demonstrates the =
optimum and progress of Chinese characteristics and the overall plan, =
making China's manned spaceship technology reach or excel the level of =
international third-generation manned spaceship.=20
??In order to realize manned space flight, a number of new technologies =
are adopted for the spaceship, 13 key technologies of which reach =
advanced international level. Compared with advanced international =
spaceships, China's self-designed spacecraft has three major advantages: =
First, a high starting-point, putting everything in place at one go. The =
design of China's spaceship makes it possible to accommodate three =
persons at one go, a spaceship for three persons within a considerably =
lengthy period of time. Second, the ship has a strong usability and can =
serve several purposes. In the three-module formula, the orbital module =
has the functions of an accommodation cabin and an orbit-retaining =
testing cabin. After the return of the spaceship, the orbital module can =
remain on the orbit for several months, continuing space scientific =
detection and technological test. The multi-adaptability of the orbital =
module lays a foundation for making a breakthrough in the intersection =
and docking link of the spaceship and air vehicle -- the second step for =
China's future manned space-engineering construction and implementation. =
Third, the spaceship has a strong practical applicability and can =
realize the combined transport of passengers and goods.=20
??Training and upbringing of a batch of young space science and =
technology backbone contingent=20
??On talking about our young space science and technology backbone =
contingent, the 42-year-old aerospace "commander" Zhang looked very =
proud. When we cast our eyes on the research fellows who have won =
successes one after another in launching "Shenzhou" spaceships, we feel =
the sudden burst of heroic youthful spirits in them, they are precisely =
the epitome of the young scientific and technical elite, thousands upon =
thousands of people who have been working hard for the successful launch =
of the "Shenzhou" spaceships.=20
??The 11-year practice has proved that through the development and =
construction of the project, particularly through strengthening the =
training and use of young scientific and technical personnel, we have =
built up a scientific research, production, experiment and management =
contingent composed mainly of young and middle-aged scientific and =
technical personnel. The China Aerospace Science and Technology =
Corporation, currently has about 10,000 scientific and technical =
personnel engaging in the development of the manned spaceflight project, =
two-thirds of whom are young people. Many young comrades have taken key =
leading posts. This contingent of technical personnel has gradually =
entered into the optimum state from "Shenzhou" I to "Shenzhou" V. Over =
the past four years, three key members of the "Shenzhou" contingent have =
been awarded the honorable title of "10 National Outstanding Youths", 15 =
key outstanding members have been given National "May Day" Labor Medal.=20
??Constructing a large batch of world advanced space laboratories=20
??Zhang said that, in the period from the start of the capital =
construction and technical renovation project construction of the China =
Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation's manned space flight =
project in line with the general requirement of ensuring the development =
need of the project up to the present, a large batch of scientific =
research, production and experiment supportive facilities have been =
built. The completion of the work of capital construction and technical =
renovation has strongly supported and guaranteed the implementation of =
scientific research and production. The parallel development of project =
construction as well as scientific research and production, was =
something that could not be realized in all previous space projects.=20
??Implementation of the technical upgrading of the manned space flight =
project constituted a new "accelerator" for the advancement of China =
Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation. The work units that =
undertook the task of the manned space flight project within the =
Corporation have seen great improvement in their infrastructure =
facilities. Many sets of large experimental equipment have been updated =
and replaced and numerous modern test factories have sprung up from the =
ground, bringing about leapfrog rise in the Corporation's software and =
hardware conditions. Particularly the completion of the Beijing Space =
Development and Experimentation Center, which integrates the whole =
process from the processing of components and spare parts and the =
development of the subsystem to the general assembly and testing of the =
whole spaceship and large-scale experiment, has reached the world's =
first-rate aircraft development level, thus changing the previous =
scattered research and construction layout. A large batch of =
construction projects, represented by the KM6 aircraft vacuum test =
equipment and altitude simulation test run platform, have reached =
advanced international level, filling the domestic blank in the same =
field. The use of these capital construction projects has laid a solid =
foundation for the sustainable development of manned space flight =
project and the aerospace science and technology industry.=20
??Establishing a set of standards and specifications with independent =
intellectual property rights=20
??The establishment of a set of standards and specifications for the =
manned space flight project with independent intellectual property =
rights is the fourth achievements raised by Zhang. He pointed out that, =
during the 47 years of practice, China's space undertaking has formed a =
set of fairly complete and effective rules, regulations and standards. =
But the manned space flight project is a completely new, and pioneering =
project. It sets higher demands on quality and higher reliability and =
safety, therefore the original standards and specifications can no =
longer completely meet these demands. In the practice of the manned =
space flight project, rich experiences have been accumulated, which have =
been timely summarized and refined along with the progress of the manned =
space flight project, and a set of manned space flight standards and =
specifications with independent intellectual property rights have been =
established and formed. This constitutes an important achievement in the =
development of the manned space flight project and a major contribution =
to the development of the space industry.=20
??Prospect for the development of China's manned space industry=20
??Zhang has also drawn a magnificent blueprint for future development of =
China's manned space industry. He said, when it approved the manned =
space flight project in 1992, the CPC Central Committee, with great =
foresight, clearly set the blueprint for the development of China's =
manned space sector, and set forward the three-step strategic plan for =
the development of China's manned space industry. The Chinese government =
published the White Paper entitled "China's Aerospace" in November 2000, =
introducing the near-term and long-term development goals of China's =
space undertaking. The goal concerning the manned space flight project =
includes: the near-term (in the period of the next decade or slightly =
longer time) development goal: Realizing manned space flight, =
establishing an initial supporting development and experiment system for =
the manned space flight project; developing space science and carrying =
out deep space exploration. Long-term (in the period of the next two =
decades or slightly longer time) development goal: establishing a China =
manned space system. Now we have accomplished the first step. After =
completing manned space flight, China will begin the second-step plan =
for the manned space flight project, i.e., the space laboratory project, =
through breakthroughs made in intersection and docking technologies and =
the astronauts' space traveling technology, thereby completely mastering =
the basic technology of manned space flight; through developing and =
launching manned spaceship and space laboratory, China will expand the =
existing large engineering system, further understand and grasp the =
technologies related to astronauts' living and conducting research and =
experiment in space, expand the scale of spatial application, and at the =
same time explore and study new channels for heaven-based service; =
through developing more economical and reliable means of transportation, =
and the development and launch of the space station, China will =
establish its own perigee orbit and heaven-based service infrastructure =
facilities, it will integrate the application satellites and space =
stations in various kinds of orbits and give maximum play to their =
efficiency, laying a technical foundation for deep space exploration and =
providing a platform of operation.=20
??(October 22, PLA?Daily)=20
??=20
=20
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<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>these links have original courtesy of =
Luc...three=20
below:</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>A) China to launch space station=20
modules</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>B) the technological advantages of =
Shenzou=20
spacecraft</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>C) comments on China's space=20
engineering</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><!--StartFragment -->
<DIV align=3Dcenter>
<TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D"96%" border=3D0>
<TBODY>
<TR>
<TD>
<DIV align=3Dcenter><FONT color=3D#ff0000><B><FONT size=3D4>China =
to launch=20
space station modules</FONT></B></FONT></DIV>
<P>　　BEIJING, Oct. 24 (Xinhuanet) -- The Jiuquan =
Satellite Launch Center,=20
which put China's first manned spacecraft onto the orbit =
early this=20
month, is capable of launching modules of space stations in the =
future,=20
says a senior official at the center. </P>
<P>　　Some facilities at the center as well as the =
propellant of the rocket=20
might need to be upgraded however, said Yu Jianping,=20
deputydesigner-in-chief of the launch center system and director =
of the=20
Beijing Special Engineering Design Institute. </P>
<P>　　The center was world-class and could be used to =
launch a 10-tonmodule=20
of space station after the upgrading. </P>
<P>　　Construction of the launch center began in 1993 =
and was completed in=20
1998. It assembles, tests and transports rockets and space =
vehicles in an=20
upright way and through remote and automatic control. </P>
<P>　　It was of the most advanced model in the world, =
ensuring the=20
efficiency and quality of rocket and spacecraft assembly and =
testing, he=20
said. </P>
<P>　　The center had two upright assembly platforms =
and one launch pad,=20
which allowed it to launch a space station capable of dockingby =
different=20
modules in the space. The center could conduct two launches a =
week. </P>
<P>　　All the equipment and installations at the =
center were designedto=20
accommodate the launch of space stations in the future. The =
assembly=20
workshop had an access, eight meters tall and eight meters wide, =
to allow=20
for the future movement of a space station.=20
<BR></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV>
<P align=3Dcenter><!--StartFragment --> </P>
<DIV align=3Dcenter><FONT color=3D#ff0000><B><FONT size=3D4>The =
technological=20
advantages of Shenzhou spacecraft: Zhang Qingwei</FONT></B></FONT></DIV>
<P>　　On the occasion of the nationwide celebration of =
China's successful launch=20
of first manned spaceflight, Zhang Qingwei, deputy commander of China's =
Manned=20
Space flight Program, general manager of China Aerospace Science &=20
Technology Corp., talked about the technological advancement of the =
Shenzhou=20
spacecraft with the reporter.<BR></P>
<P>　　Zhang pointed out that, from 1999 to 2003, China =
successfully launched five=20
"Shenzhou" spaceships, four unmanned and one manned, and achieved =
breakthroughs=20
in 13 key technologies including re-entry lift control of manned =
spacecraft,=20
emergency rescue, soft landing, GNC malfunction diagnosis, =
module-segment=20
separation and heat-proof. As China's cross-century project in the =
hi-tech=20
field, "Shenzhou" spacecraft boasts superiority in overall performance, =
which=20
has reached the world advanced level of the 1990s.<BR><BR></P>
<P>　　"Shenzhou" has distinct Chinese characteristics in =
terms of its structure=20
and general mode. Although China's manned spacecraft program started =
rather=20
late, but it does not mechanically follow the steps of "Gagarin" times =
---from=20
unmanned, to manned by a single pilot, then finally to be manned by a =
group of=20
astronauts--but realized leapfrog development by crossing over the =
forty-year=20
development period of Americans and Russians by a single giant stride.=20
"Shenzhou" is capable of carrying three astronauts from the very =
beginning; for=20
the first manned flight, Gagarin only flied one circle around the earth, =
Alan B.=20
Shepard Jr. only made sub-orbital flight, but the Chinese astronaut =
flied for=20
one day on low earth orbit. Foreign manned spacecrafts firstly tried =
with small=20
animals for their astronaut environment control and life support =
systems, while=20
China adopted an advanced modern device-a simulated man --to imitate the =
oxygen=20
and carbon dioxide consumed by the "astronaut", and to track the =
physiological=20
changes of astronauts through ground observation stations. <BR><BR></P>
<P>　　"Shenzhou" is highly adaptable. Its orbital module =
can stay in the orbit=20
for to-the-ground observation, and at the same time act as a flight =
vehicle=20
prepared for docking in future. In foreign countries two space vehicles =
would be=20
launched at one time, but in China one is launched first and its orbital =
module=20
would stay in space, waiting to dock with the next one in the future. To =
realize=20
docking, foreign countries have to launch 2N times, while China launches =
N+1=20
times. So long as N>1, for example, if N is 5, foreign countries need =
to=20
launch 10 spaceships, while China needs only to launch 6 spacecraft. =
Therefore,=20
China needs to launch fewer spaceships in comparison with foreign =
countries, and=20
could save a large amount of launching cost and at the same time orbital =
module=20
in space can be used for scientific experiments. China has embarked on a =
road of=20
developing manned spacecraft with low cost and high returns. =
<BR><BR></P>
<P>　　Zhang then displayed a chart on the computer and =
explained to the reporter=20
that, compared with America's first test spacecraft "Mercury", and the =
former=20
Soviet Union's first test spacecraft "Vostok", "Shenzhou" boasts =
remarkable=20
technological advantages. "Shenzhou" far exceeds US "Mercury" and the =
former=20
Soviet Union's "Vostok" in terms of lift-off mass and maximum cabin =
diameter as=20
well as structural functions of cabin, and the electricity, gas and =
liquid=20
connections between modules and separation technology are more =
complicated.=20
"Shenzhou" is mainly powered by solar cell array, which is a remarkable =
progress=20
compared to "Mercury" and "Vostok" in terms of electricity system. =
Especially,=20
"Shenzhou" adopts the lifting re-entry mode, with the lifting control =
conducted=20
by GNC sub-system during the re-entry process. This is a re-entry mode =
which is=20
more advanced than the ballistic one, since it could raise by large =
margin the=20
spaceship's landing precision when it flies to the preset landing site =
and=20
reduce the re-entry overload peak, thus the overload pain suffered by =
the=20
astronaut during the re-entry process would also be =
mitigated.<BR><BR></P>
<P>　　Following this, Zhang displayed another chart on his =
computer and pointed=20
out that, compared with the advanced spacecraft in the 1990s in the =
world,=20
namely "Soyuz" TM spacecraft, "Shenzhou" has the equivalent performance =
in terms=20
of re-entry mode, landing precision and re-entry overload peak, =
providing a more=20
comfortable environment for astronaut's work and life. <BR><BR></P>
<P>　　At last, Zhang said proudly, "Shenzhou" can serve as =
China's real great=20
vehicle to travel between the earth and the space. <BR><BR></P>
<P>　　By Zuo Saichun and Zhang Feng<BR><BR></P>
<P>　　(October 22, PLA Daily)<BR></P>
<P></P>
<P> <!--StartFragment --> </P>
<P><FONT color=3D#ff0044 size=3D4><STRONG>Comments on China's manned=20
space-engineering <!--StartFragment --></STRONG><FONT =
color=3D#000000 size=3D3>=20
</FONT></P>
<DIV align=3Dcenter>
<DIV align=3Dleft><STRONG>On the occasion when all Chinese people were =
celebrating=20
the success of our first manned spaceflight, Zhang Qingwei, deputy =
general=20
commander of the nation's Manned Space Flight Project and president of =
China=20
Aerospace Science & Technology Corporation, received an interview by =
our=20
reporter on the points of China's manned space-engineering achievements =
and=20
prospect of the industry. </STRONG></DIV>
<P align=3Dleft></P>
<DIV align=3Dleft><STRONG>　　Zhang summarized our manned =
space-engineering=20
achievements into four aspects: breakthroughs in a batch of difficult =
technical=20
problems recognized by international astronautical circles, training and =
upbringing of a batch of young space science and technology backbone =
contingent,=20
constructing a large batch of world advanced space laboratories, =
establishing a=20
set of standards and specifications for the manned space flight project =
with=20
independent intellectual property rights. </STRONG></DIV>
<P align=3Dleft><STRONG>　　Breakthroughs in a batch of =
difficult technical problems=20
recognized by international astronautical circles </STRONG></P>
<P align=3Dleft></P>
<DIV align=3Dleft><STRONG>　　Zhang pointed out, manned =
space flight is one of the=20
most difficult projects in aerospace technology; it requires the =
solution of the=20
R&D technology of spaceship, highly reliable carrier rocket =
technology,=20
orbital control technology, recovery technology and other difficult =
technical=20
problems recognized by international astronautical circles. After many =
years of=20
independently tackling difficult technical problems, China has mastered =
a large=20
batch of key technologies with independent intellectual property rights =
and=20
formed core competitive power in this field. </STRONG></DIV>
<P align=3Dleft></P>
<DIV align=3Dleft><STRONG>　　The "Shenzhou" spaceship is a =
kind of satellite manned=20
spacecraft developed independently by China, its design scheme =
demonstrates the=20
optimum and progress of Chinese characteristics and the overall plan, =
making=20
China's manned spaceship technology reach or excel the level of =
international=20
third-generation manned spaceship. </STRONG></DIV>
<P align=3Dleft></P>
<DIV align=3Dleft><STRONG>　　In order to realize manned =
space flight, a number of=20
new technologies are adopted for the spaceship, 13 key technologies of =
which=20
reach advanced international level. Compared with advanced international =
spaceships, China's self-designed spacecraft has three major advantages: =
First,=20
a high starting-point, putting everything in place at one go. The design =
of=20
China's spaceship makes it possible to accommodate three persons at one =
go, a=20
spaceship for three persons within a considerably lengthy period of =
time.=20
Second, the ship has a strong usability and can serve several purposes. =
In the=20
three-module formula, the orbital module has the functions of an =
accommodation=20
cabin and an orbit-retaining testing cabin. After the return of the =
spaceship,=20
the orbital module can remain on the orbit for several months, =
continuing space=20
scientific detection and technological test. The multi-adaptability of =
the=20
orbital module lays a foundation for making a breakthrough in the =
intersection=20
and docking link of the spaceship and air vehicle -- the second step for =
China's=20
future manned space-engineering construction and implementation. Third, =
the=20
spaceship has a strong practical applicability and can realize the =
combined=20
transport of passengers and goods. </STRONG></DIV>
<P align=3Dleft></P>
<DIV align=3Dleft><STRONG>　　Training and upbringing of a =
batch of young space=20
science and technology backbone contingent </STRONG></DIV>
<P align=3Dleft></P>
<DIV align=3Dleft><STRONG>　　On talking about our young =
space science and=20
technology backbone contingent, the 42-year-old aerospace "commander" =
Zhang=20
looked very proud. When we cast our eyes on the research fellows who =
have won=20
successes one after another in launching "Shenzhou" spaceships, we feel =
the=20
sudden burst of heroic youthful spirits in them, they are precisely the =
epitome=20
of the young scientific and technical elite, thousands upon thousands of =
people=20
who have been working hard for the successful launch of the "Shenzhou"=20
spaceships. </STRONG></DIV>
<P align=3Dleft></P>
<DIV align=3Dleft><STRONG>　　The 11-year practice has =
proved that through the=20
development and construction of the project, particularly through =
strengthening=20
the training and use of young scientific and technical personnel, we =
have built=20
up a scientific research, production, experiment and management =
contingent=20
composed mainly of young and middle-aged scientific and technical =
personnel. The=20
China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, currently has about =
10,000=20
scientific and technical personnel engaging in the development of the =
manned=20
spaceflight project, two-thirds of whom are young people. Many young =
comrades=20
have taken key leading posts. This contingent of technical personnel has =
gradually entered into the optimum state from "Shenzhou" I to "Shenzhou" =
V. Over=20
the past four years, three key members of the "Shenzhou" contingent have =
been=20
awarded the honorable title of "10 National Outstanding Youths", 15 key=20
outstanding members have been given National "May Day" Labor Medal.=20
</STRONG></DIV>
<P align=3Dleft></P>
<DIV align=3Dleft><STRONG>　　Constructing a large batch of =
world advanced space=20
laboratories </STRONG></DIV>
<P align=3Dleft></P>
<DIV align=3Dleft><STRONG>　　Zhang said that, in the period =
from the start of the=20
capital construction and technical renovation project construction of =
the China=20
Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation's manned space flight =
project in=20
line with the general requirement of ensuring the development need of =
the=20
project up to the present, a large batch of scientific research, =
production and=20
experiment supportive facilities have been built. The completion of the =
work of=20
capital construction and technical renovation has strongly supported and =
guaranteed the implementation of scientific research and production. The =
parallel development of project construction as well as scientific =
research and=20
production, was something that could not be realized in all previous =
space=20
projects. </STRONG></DIV>
<P align=3Dleft></P>
<DIV align=3Dleft><STRONG>　　Implementation of the =
technical upgrading of the=20
manned space flight project constituted a new "accelerator" for the =
advancement=20
of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation. The work units =
that=20
undertook the task of the manned space flight project within the =
Corporation=20
have seen great improvement in their infrastructure facilities. Many =
sets of=20
large experimental equipment have been updated and replaced and numerous =
modern=20
test factories have sprung up from the ground, bringing about leapfrog =
rise in=20
the Corporation's software and hardware conditions. Particularly the =
completion=20
of the Beijing Space Development and Experimentation Center, which =
integrates=20
the whole process from the processing of components and spare parts and =
the=20
development of the subsystem to the general assembly and testing of the =
whole=20
spaceship and large-scale experiment, has reached the world's first-rate =
aircraft development level, thus changing the previous scattered =
research and=20
construction layout. A large batch of construction projects, represented =
by the=20
KM6 aircraft vacuum test equipment and altitude simulation test run =
platform,=20
have reached advanced international level, filling the domestic blank in =
the=20
same field. The use of these capital construction projects has laid a =
solid=20
foundation for the sustainable development of manned space flight =
project and=20
the aerospace science and technology industry. </STRONG></DIV>
<P align=3Dleft></P>
<DIV align=3Dleft><STRONG>　　Establishing a set of =
standards and specifications=20
with independent intellectual property rights </STRONG></DIV>
<P align=3Dleft></P>
<DIV align=3Dleft><STRONG>　　The establishment of a set of =
standards and=20
specifications for the manned space flight project with independent =
intellectual=20
property rights is the fourth achievements raised by Zhang. He pointed =
out that,=20
during the 47 years of practice, China's space undertaking has formed a =
set of=20
fairly complete and effective rules, regulations and standards. But the =
manned=20
space flight project is a completely new, and pioneering project. It =
sets higher=20
demands on quality and higher reliability and safety, therefore the =
original=20
standards and specifications can no longer completely meet these =
demands. In the=20
practice of the manned space flight project, rich experiences have been=20
accumulated, which have been timely summarized and refined along with =
the=20
progress of the manned space flight project, and a set of manned space =
flight=20
standards and specifications with independent intellectual property =
rights have=20
been established and formed. This constitutes an important achievement =
in the=20
development of the manned space flight project and a major contribution =
to the=20
development of the space industry. </STRONG></DIV>
<P align=3Dleft></P>
<DIV align=3Dleft><STRONG>　　Prospect for the development =
of China's manned space=20
industry </STRONG></DIV>
<P align=3Dleft></P>
<DIV align=3Dleft><STRONG>　　Zhang has also drawn a =
magnificent blueprint for=20
future development of China's manned space industry. He said, when it =
approved=20
the manned space flight project in 1992, the CPC Central Committee, with =
great=20
foresight, clearly set the blueprint for the development of China's =
manned space=20
sector, and set forward the three-step strategic plan for the =
development of=20
China's manned space industry. The Chinese government published the =
White Paper=20
entitled "China's Aerospace" in November 2000, introducing the near-term =
and=20
long-term development goals of China's space undertaking. The goal =
concerning=20
the manned space flight project includes: the near-term (in the period =
of the=20
next decade or slightly longer time) development goal: Realizing manned =
space=20
flight, establishing an initial supporting development and experiment =
system for=20
the manned space flight project; developing space science and carrying =
out deep=20
space exploration. Long-term (in the period of the next two decades or =
slightly=20
longer time) development goal: establishing a China manned space system. =
Now we=20
have accomplished the first step. After completing manned space flight, =
China=20
will begin the second-step plan for the manned space flight project, =
i.e., the=20
space laboratory project, through breakthroughs made in intersection and =
docking=20
technologies and the astronauts' space traveling technology, thereby =
completely=20
mastering the basic technology of manned space flight; through =
developing and=20
launching manned spaceship and space laboratory, China will expand the =
existing=20
large engineering system, further understand and grasp the technologies =
related=20
to astronauts' living and conducting research and experiment in space, =
expand=20
the scale of spatial application, and at the same time explore and study =
new=20
channels for heaven-based service; through developing more economical =
and=20
reliable means of transportation, and the development and launch of the =
space=20
station, China will establish its own perigee orbit and heaven-based =
service=20
infrastructure facilities, it will integrate the application satellites =
and=20
space stations in various kinds of orbits and give maximum play to their =
efficiency, laying a technical foundation for deep space exploration and =
providing a platform of operation. </STRONG></DIV>
<P align=3Dleft></P>
<P align=3Dleft></P>
<DIV align=3Dleft><STRONG>　　(October 22, PLA　Daily) =
</STRONG></DIV>
<P></P><STRONG>　　 </STRONG>
<P><STRONG> </STRONG></P></DIV></FONT></DIV></BODY></HTML>
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