"How long can the actual Soyuz spacecrafts safely remain in orbit, attached to ISS?" If I remember correctly the Soyuz that spent the most time in space was Soyuz-TM 27. Launched on Jan. 29, 1998; landed on Aug. 25, 1998; the spacecraft spent 207 days in space. ------------- Luca COren Trieste, Italy l.coren@adriacom.it