Soyuz LV Credit: NASA. 42,874 bytes. 443 x 447 pixels.

Soyuz-U was a standardised, modernised version of the R-7 launch vehicle with higher performance first and second stage engines. Improvements were made to the launch complexes, including unified test-launch ground support equipment. The booster was first used for the Apollo-Soyuz launches. Military applications included Zenit and Yantar military reconnaisance satellites. Soyuz 11A511U used chilled higher density fuel in the core stage to improve payload. This became the most-widely used version, launching a range of military and manned spacecraft for over thirty years.

Launches: 675. Failures: 17. Success Rate: 97.48% pct. First Launch Date: 18 May 1973. Last Launch Date: 16 October 2000. LEO Payload: 6,220 kg. to: 450 km Orbit. at: 51.8 degrees. Liftoff Thrust: 411,000 kgf. Total Mass: 310,000 kg. Core Diameter: 3.0 m. Total Length: 50.7 m. Launch Price $: 40.00 million. in 1999 price dollars.

• Stage Number: 0. 4 x Soyuz 11A511U-0 Gross Mass: 44,500 kg. Empty Mass: 3,784 kg. Thrust (vac): 101,400 kgf. Isp: 310 sec. Burn time: 120 sec. Isp(sl): 264 sec. Diameter: 2.7 m. Span: 2.7 m. Length: 19.6 m. Propellants: Lox/Kerosene No Engines: 1. RD-107-11D511

• Stage Number: 1. 1 x Soyuz 11A511U-1 Gross Mass: 105,400 kg. Empty Mass: 6,875 kg. Thrust (vac): 101,675 kgf. Isp: 311 sec. Burn time: 286 sec. Isp(sl): 245 sec. Diameter: 3.0 m. Span: 3.0 m. Length: 27.8 m. Propellants: Lox/Kerosene No Engines: 1. RD-108-11D512

• Stage Number: 2. 1 x Soyuz 11A511U-2 Gross Mass: 25,200 kg. Empty Mass: 2,355 kg. Thrust (vac): 30,400 kgf. Isp: 330 sec. Burn time: 250 sec. Diameter: 2.7 m. Span: 2.7 m. Length: 6.7 m. Propellants: Lox/Kerosene No Engines: 1. RD-0110

• Soyuz R Cancelled; Soyuz 7K-TK to be ferry to Almaz station Spacecraft: Almaz, Soyuz 7K-TK, Soyuz R.

  Ministry of General Machine Building (MOM) Decree 145ss 'On approval of the 7K-TK as transport for the Almaz station' was issued. It was decided that the 11F71 Soyuz-R space station would be cancelled and the Almaz would be developed in its place. Almaz was assigned the index number previously allocated to the Soyuz-R station, and Kozlov was ordered to hand over to Chelomei all of the work completed in relation to the station. However Kozlov's Soyuz 7K-TK ferry was to continue in development to transport crew to the Almaz.

• Cosmos 559 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  First flight of Soyuz U launch vehicle. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

• Cosmos 587 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Second flight of Soyuz U launch vehicle. High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

• Cosmos 605 Spacecraft: Bion. Payload: Bion no. 1. Mass: 6,000 kg.

  Investigation of the influence of space flight on living organisms and testing of life-support systems for biological entities. Capsule recovered 53 deg 29 min N, 65 deg 27 min E.

• Cosmos 638 Spacecraft: Soyuz ASTP. Payload: Soyuz ASTP s/n 71-EPSA. Mass: 6,570 kg.

  Unmanned Soyuz test flight. Recovered April 13, 1974 5:05 GMT. Soyuz ASTP Test.
  Maneuver Summary:
  190km X 309km orbit to 190km X 266km orbit. Delta V: 12 m/s
  190km X 266km orbit to 240km X 300km orbit. Delta V: 23 m/s
  240km X 300km orbit to 258km X 274km orbit. Delta V: 12 m/s
  Total Delta V: 47 m/s.
  Officially: Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.

• Yantar-2K failure. Spacecraft: Yantar-2K. Payload: Yantar-2K s/n 1. Mass: 6,600 kg.

  First test launch of Yantar second generation reconnaissance spacecraft.

• Cosmos 670 Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-S. Payload: Soyuz 7K-S s/n 1L. Mass: 6,700 kg.

  Unmanned Soyuz 7K-S test flight. Recovered August 8, 1974 23:59 GMT.

• Cosmos 672 Spacecraft: Soyuz ASTP. Payload: Soyuz ASTP s/n 72-EPSA. Mass: 6,570 kg.

  ASTP precursor. Recovered August 18, 1974 5:02 GMT. Soyuz ASTP test.
  Maneuver Summary:
  195km X 305km orbit to 195km X 221km orbit. Delta V: 24 m/s
  195km X 221km orbit to 223km X 223km orbit. Delta V: 8 m/s
  231km X 231km orbit to 231km X 231km orbit. Delta V: 1 m/s
  223km X 223km orbit to 231km X 231km orbit. Delta V: 4 m/s
  231km X 231km orbit to 227km X 237km orbit. Delta V: 2 m/s
  Total Delta V: 39 m/s.
  Officially: Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.

• Cosmos 690 Spacecraft: Bion. Payload: Bion no. 2. Mass: 6,000 kg.

  Biological research. Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.

• Soyuz 16 Spacecraft: Soyuz ASTP. Payload: Soyuz ASTP s/n 73-EPSA. Mass: 6,800 kg.

  ASTP Manned Test Flight. Check-out of the Soyuz space craft's on-board systems which had been modernized to meet the requirements of the 1975 joint flight in accordance with the programme of the Soviet-United States experiment; conduct of scientific and technical investigations. Landed 30 km NE Arkalyk. Recovered December 8, 1974 8:04 GMT. Additional Details: Soyuz 16.

• Cosmos 697 Spacecraft: Yantar-2K. Payload: Yantar-2K s/n 2. Mass: 6,600 kg.

  Yantar second generation reconnaissance spacecraft. After failure of the first Yantar-2K launch, a review board recommended modifications to the Soyuz U launch vehicle. This second Yantar still used the Sokol control system from the Zenit and lacked the SpK small film recovery capsules. As planned, after 12 days, the main descent capsule was successfully recovered with its film.

• Cosmos 720 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MT. Payload: Zenit-4MT Mod. Mass: 4,000 kg.

  Military topography satellite; returned film capsule.

• Soyuz 19 (ASTP) Spacecraft: Soyuz ASTP. Payload: Soyuz ASTP s/n 75 (EPSA). Mass: 6,790 kg.

  Soyuz 19 initial orbital parameters were 220.8 by 185.07 kilometres, at the desired inclination of 51.80°, while the period of the first orbit was 88.6 minutes. On 17 July the two spacecraft docked. The crew members rotated between the two spacecraft and conducted various mainly ceremonial activities. Leonov was on the American side for 5 hours, 43 minutes, while Kubasov spent 4:57 in the command and docking modules.

  After being docked for nearly 44 hours, Apollo and Soyuz parted for the first time and were station-keeping at a range of 50 meters. The Apollo crew placed its craft between Soyuz and the sun so that the diameter of the service module formed a disk which blocked out the sun. After this experiment Apollo moved towards Soyuz for the second docking.

  Three hours later Apollo and Soyuz undocked for the second and final time. The spacecraft moved to a 40 m station-keeping distance so that an ultraviolet absorption experiment could be performed. With all the joint flight activities completed, the ships went on their separate ways. Soyuz 19 landed safely July 21, 1975 10:51 GMT, 87 km north-east of Arkalyk, 9. 6 km from its aim point. Additional Details: Soyuz 19 (ASTP).

• Cosmos 758 Spacecraft: Yantar-2K. Payload: Yantar-2K s/n 3. Mass: 6,600 kg.

  Third Yantar-2K second generation reconnaissance flight, the first with the new Kondor attitude control system. This system experienced problems and failed on the second day of flight. The spacecraft's destruct package was activated by ground command and the spacecraft was destroyed on 6 September 1975 in its second day of flight.

• Cosmos 759 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MT. Mass: 6,000 kg.

  Military topography satellite; returned film capsule; separated science capsule.

• Cosmos 771 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKT. Payload: Zenit-4MKT no. 1. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• Cosmos 772 Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-S. Payload: Soyuz 7K-S s/n 2L. Mass: 6,750 kg.

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  R-7 launch complex 1 - Model of R-7 launch complex 1 Credit: © Mark Wade. 27,438 bytes. 231 x 434 pixels.

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  Unmanned military Soyuz 7K-S test flight. Recovered October 3, 1975 4:10 GMT. Unsuccessful mission. Transmitted only on 166 MHz frequency, at none of the other usual Soyuz wavelengths.
  Maneuver Summary:
  193 km X 270 km orbit to 195 km X 300 km orbit. Delta V: 8 m/s
  196 km X 300 km orbit to 196 km X 328 km orbit. Delta V: 8 m/s
  Total Delta V: 16 m/s

• Soyuz 20 Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-T/A9. Payload: Soyuz 7K-T(A9) s/n 64. Mass: 6,700 kg.

  Unmanned long duration test of the Soyuz transport vehicle; docked with Salyut 4. Recovered February 16, 1976 2:24 GMT. Comprehensive checking of improved on-board systems of the space craft under various flight conditions. Carried a biological payload. Living organisms were exposed to three months in space.

• Cosmos 782 Spacecraft: Bion. Payload: Bion no. 3. Mass: 6,000 kg.

  Biological research. Continued investigation of the effects of space flight on living organisms. Capsule recovered 52 deg 17 min N, 64 deg 11 min E. The Cosmos 782 mission marked the first time that the United States participated in the Soviet Cosmos Program. Scientists from France, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. participated in these investigations. Additional Details: Cosmos 782.

• Cosmos 805 Spacecraft: Yantar-2K. Payload: Yantar-2K s/n 4. Mass: 6,600 kg.

  Fourth Yantar-2K second generation reconnaissance flight and the first with two SpK small film recovery capsules. First flight of the completely equipped satellite. The main reentry capsule and its film cargo were returned successfully. Both SpK capsules successfully separated from the Yantar in the course of the flight, but neither was recovered. The parachutes of the first did not deploy and the capsule crashed into the ground. The solid motor of the second capsule did not fire as programmed and the capsule did not deorbit at the expected time.

• Cosmos 820 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKT. Payload: Zenit-4MKT no. 2. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• Cosmos 834 Spacecraft: Zenit-2M. Mass: 6,000 kg.

  Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.

• Soyuz 21 Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-T/A9. Payload: Soyuz 7K-T(A9) s/n 41. Mass: 6,800 kg.

  Manned two crew. Docked with Salyut 5. Conduct of joint experiments with the Salyut-5 orbital research station. Mission was to last for two months; cut short by a gradually worstening illness of Zholobov. Landed 200 km SW Kokchetav. Recovered August 25, 1976 18:33 GMT.

• Cosmos 840 Spacecraft: Zenit-2M. Mass: 6,000 kg.

  Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.

• Cosmos 844 Spacecraft: Yantar-2K. Payload: Yantar-2K s/n 5. Mass: 6,600 kg.

  Fifth Yantar second generation reconnaissance test flight. One of the solar panels would not unfold. Ground control activiated the destruct package and the spacecraft was destroyed on 25 July.

• Cosmos 847 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

• Cosmos 848 Spacecraft: Zenit-2M. Mass: 6,000 kg.

  Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; separated science capsule.

• Nauka Cosmos 848 Spacecraft: Nauka. Payload: Nauka.

• Cosmos 852 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

• Cosmos 854 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

• Soyuz 22 Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-MF6. Payload: Soyuz ASTP s/n 74 modified with MF6 camera. Mass: 6,510 kg.

  Surplus Soyuz ASTP spacecraft modified with a multi-spectral camera manufactured by Carl Zeiss-Jena in place of the universal docking apparatus. Eight days were spent photographing the earth. Tested and perfected scientific-technical methods and devices for studying the geological characteristics of the earth's surface from outer space for economic purposes. Recovered September 23, 1976 7:42 GMT. Landed 150 km NW Tselinograd. Additional Details: Soyuz 22.

• Cosmos 855 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MT. Mass: 6,000 kg.

  Military topography satellite; returned film capsule; also performed mapping, geodesy, earth resources; deployed capsule.

• Cosmos 856 Spacecraft: Zenit-2M. Mass: 6,000 kg.

  Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; separated science capsule.

• Nauka Cosmos 856 Spacecraft: Nauka. Payload: Nauka.

• Cosmos 857 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

• Zenit-4MKT no. 3 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKT. Payload: Zenit-4MKT no. 3. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• Cosmos 859 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable; also performed earth resources tasks.

• Soyuz 23 Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-T/A9. Payload: Soyuz 7K-T(A9) s/n 65. Mass: 6,760 kg.

  Soyuz 23 was to have docked with the Salyut 5 space station but its long-distance rendezvous system failed. It landed at night (October 16, 1976 17:46 GMT), in a snowstorm, in -20 deg C weather, on the surface of Lake Tengiz. The recovery crews did not find the capsule until the next morning, and were surprised to find the crew alive.

• Cosmos 863 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

• Cosmos 865 Spacecraft: Zenit-2M. Mass: 6,000 kg.

  Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; separated science capsule.

• Nauka Cosmos 865 Spacecraft: Nauka. Payload: MKA?.

• Cosmos 866 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

• Cosmos 867 Spacecraft: Zenit-6U. Payload: Zenit-6 no. 1. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Photo surveillance; returned film capsule.

• Cosmos 869 Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-S. Payload: Soyuz 7K-S s/n 3L. Mass: 6,800 kg.

  Unmanned military Soyuz 7K-S test flight. Recovered December 17, 1976 10:31 GMT. Transmitted only on 20.008 MHz and 166 MHz frequencies, at none of the other usual Soyuz wavelengths.
  Maneuver Summary:
  196 km X 290 km orbit to 187 km X 335 km orbit. Delta V: 15 m/s
  187 km X 335 km orbit to 259 km X 335 km orbit. Delta V: 21 m/s
  259 km X 335 km orbit to 260 km X 345 km orbit. Delta V: 2 m/s
  260 km X 345 km orbit to 265 km X 368 km orbit. Delta V: 7 m/s
  265 km X 368 km orbit to 267 km X 391 km orbit. Delta V: 6 m/s
  267 km X 391 km orbit to 300 km X 310 km orbit. Delta V: 32 m/s
  Total Delta V: 83 m/s

• Cosmos 879 Spacecraft: Zenit-2M. Mass: 6,300 kg.

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  RD-0110 Engine - Soyuz 11A511 Stage 2 engine displayed at Tsiolkovskiy Museum in Kaluga. Credit: © Mark Wade. 33,533 bytes. 294 x 467 pixels.

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  Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.

• Cosmos 884 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

• Cosmos 888 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

• Cosmos 889 Spacecraft: Zenit-2M. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.

• Soyuz 24 Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-T/A9. Payload: Soyuz 7K-T(A9) s/n 66. Mass: 6,800 kg.

  Docked with Salyut 5. A busy, successful mission, accomplishing nearly as much as the earlier Soyuz 21's 50 day mission. Recovered February 25, 1977 9:38 GMT. Landed 37 km NE Arkalyk.

• Cosmos 892 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

• Zenit-4MK Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.

  High resolution photo reconnaissance mission.

• Zenit-4MK Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK.

  High resolution photo reconnaissance mission.

• Cosmos 896 Spacecraft: Zenit-6U. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Photo surveillance; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

• Cosmos 897 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

• Cosmos 898 Spacecraft: Zenit-2M. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; separated science capsule.

• Nauka Cosmos 898 Spacecraft: Nauka. Payload: Nauka?.

• Cosmos 902 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

• Cosmos 904 Spacecraft: Zenit-2M. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.

• Cosmos 905 Spacecraft: Yantar-2K. Payload: Yantar-2K s/n 6. Mass: 6,600 kg.

  Sixth Yantar second generation reconnaissance test flight and first completely successful flight. Both small SpK film capsules successfully recovered during course of flight, as was the main OSA cabin with its camera, computer, and main film cannisters. First full duration Yantar flight.

• Cosmos 907 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

• Cosmos 908 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

• Cosmos 912 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKT. Payload: Zenit-4MKT no. 4. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• Cosmos 914 Spacecraft: Zenit-2M. Mass: 6,000 kg.

  Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; separated science capsule.

• Nauka Cosmos 914 Spacecraft: Nauka. Payload: Nauka.

• Cosmos 915 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

• Cosmos 916 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MT. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Military topography satellite; returned film capsule; also performed mapping, geodesy, earth resources; deployed capsule.

• Cosmos 920 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MK. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

• Cosmos 922 Spacecraft: Zenit-2M. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.

• Cosmos 927 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

• Cosmos 932 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

• Cosmos 934 Spacecraft: Zenit-6U. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Photo surveillance; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

• Cosmos 935 Spacecraft: Zenit-2M. Mass: 6,000 kg.

  Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.

• Cosmos 936 Spacecraft: Bion. Payload: Bion no. 4. Mass: 6,000 kg.

  Biological research. Scientists from the U.S.S.R., the U.S., Czechoslovakia, France, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria and the German Democratic Republic conducted experiments in physics and biology on the mission. The biosatellite was recovered at 51 deg 53 min N, 61 deg 30 min E, near Kustanay in Central Asia after remaining in orbit for 18.5 days. Additional Details: Cosmos 936.

• Zenit-4MKM Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM.

  High resolution photo reconnaissance mission.

• Cosmos 938 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

• Cosmos 947 Spacecraft: Zenit-2M. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.

• Cosmos 948 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKT. Payload: Zenit-4MKT no. 5. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• Cosmos 949 Spacecraft: Yantar-2K. Payload: Yantar-2K s/n 7. Mass: 6,600 kg.

  Yantar-2K second generation reconnaissance state acceptance test flight. Completely successful and led to acceptance of Yantar-2K into Red Army service in 1978. Area survey photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission.

• Cosmos 950 Spacecraft: Zenit-2M. Mass: 6,000 kg.

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  Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.

• Cosmos 953 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

• Cosmos 957 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM. Mass: 6,000 kg.

  High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule

• Soyuz 25 Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-T. Payload: Soyuz 7K-T s/n 42. Mass: 6,860 kg.

  Manned two crew. Unsuccessful mission. Failed to dock with Salyut 6. Recovered October 11, 1977 3:25 GMT.

• Cosmos 958 Spacecraft: Zenit-6U. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Photo surveillance; returned film capsule.

• Cosmos 964 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

• Soyuz 26 Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-T. Payload: Soyuz 7K-T s/n 43. Mass: 6,800 kg.

  Manned two crew. Docked with Salyut 6. Carried Yuri Romanenko, Georgi Grechko to Salyut 6; returned crew of Soyuz 27 to Earth. Conduct of joint experiments with the Salyut-6 scientific station. Recovered January 16, 1978 11:25 GMT.

• Cosmos 966 Spacecraft: Zenit-2M. Mass: 6,000 kg.

  Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; separated science capsule.

• Nauka Cosmos 966 Spacecraft: Nauka. Payload: Nauka.

• Cosmos 969 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

• Cosmos 973 Spacecraft: Zenit-2M. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; separated science capsule.

• Nauka Cosmos 973 Spacecraft: Nauka. Payload: Nauka.

• Cosmos 974 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

• Soyuz 27 Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-T. Payload: Soyuz 7K-T s/n 44. Mass: 6,800 kg.

  Manned two crew. Carried Oleg Makarov, Vladimir Dzhanibekov to Salyut 6; returned crew of Soyuz 26 to Earth. Docked with Salyut 6. Recovered March 16, 1978 11:19 GMT.

• Cosmos 984 Spacecraft: Zenit-2M. Mass: 6,000 kg.

  Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.

• Progress 1 Spacecraft: Progress. Payload: Progress s/n 102. Mass: 7,020 kg.

  Unmanned supply vessel to Salyut 6. Delivery of fuel, consumable materials and equipment to the Salyut 6 station. Docked with Salyut 6 on 22 Jan 1978 10:12:14 GMT. Undocked on 6 Feb 1978 05:54:00 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 8 Feb 1978 02:00:00 GMT. Total free-flight time 3.91 days. Total docked time 14.82 days.

• Cosmos 986 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

• Cosmos 987 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

• Cosmos 988 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MT. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Military topography satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable; also performed mapping, geodesy, earth resources tasks.

• Cosmos 989 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

• Soyuz 28 Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-T. Payload: Soyuz 7K-T s/n 45. Mass: 6,800 kg.

  Manned two crew. Docked with Salyut 6. Delivery to the Salyut-6 station of the first international 'Intercosmos' team consisting of A.A. Gubarev (USSR) and V. Remek (Czechoslovak Socialist Republic) to carry out scientific research and experiments jointly developed by Soviet a nd Czechoslovak specialists. Recovered March 10, 1978 13:45 GMT.

• Cosmos 992 Spacecraft: Zenit-2M. Mass: 6,000 kg.

  Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.

• Cosmos 993 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

• Cosmos 995 Spacecraft: Zenit-2M. Mass: 6,000 kg.

  Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.

• Cosmos 999 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

• Cosmos 1001 Spacecraft: Soyuz T. Payload: Soyuz T s/n 4L. Mass: 6,850 kg.

  Manned precursor. Recovered April 15, 1978 12:02 GMT. Unsuccessful mission. Soyuz T test -failure.
  Maneuver Summary:
  202 km X 231 km orbit to 195 km X 291 km orbit. Delta V: 19 m/s
  195 km X 291 km orbit to 306 km X 322 km orbit. Delta V: 40 m/s
  306 km X 322 km orbit to 308 km X 318 km orbit. Delta V: 1 m/s
  Total Delta V: 60 m/s.
  Officially: Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.

• Cosmos 1002 Spacecraft: Zenit-2M. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.

• Cosmos 1003 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

• Cosmos 1004 Spacecraft: Zenit-2M. Mass: 6,000 kg.

  Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; separated science capsule.

• Nauka Cosmos 1004 Spacecraft: Nauka. Payload: Nauka.

• Cosmos 1007 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable; also performed earth resources tasks.

• Cosmos 1010 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKT. Payload: Zenit-4MKT no. 6. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• Cosmos 1012 Spacecraft: Zenit-2M. Mass: 6,000 kg.

  Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.

• Cosmos 1021 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM. Mass: 6,300 kg.

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  High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

• Cosmos 1022 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

• Soyuz 29 Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-T. Payload: Soyuz 7K-T s/n 46. Mass: 6,800 kg.

  Manned two crew. Docked with Salyut 6. Placed on board the Salyut-6 station a crew consisting of V.V. Kovalenko and A.S. Ivanchenkov to conduct scientific and technological investigations and experiments. Recovered September 3, 1978 11:40 GMT.

• Soyuz 30 Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-T/A9. Payload: Soyuz 7K-T(A9) s/n 67. Mass: 6,800 kg.

  Manned two crew. Docked with Salyut 6. Placed on board the Salyut-6 station, under the Intercosmos programme, a second, international, crew consisting of P.I. Klimuk (USSR) and M. Hermaszewski (Poland) to conduct scientific investigations and experiments. Recovered July 4, 1978 13:30 GMT

• Cosmos 1026 Spacecraft: Energia. Payload: Energia s/n 2. Mass: 6,000 kg.

  Investigation of primary cosmic radiation and meteoritic particles in near-earth outer space.

• Progress 2 Spacecraft: Progress. Payload: Progress s/n 101. Mass: 7,014 kg.

  Unmanned supply vessel to Salyut 6. Delivery of fuel, consumable materials and equipment to the Salyut 6 station. Docked with Salyut 6 on 9 Jul 1978 12:58:59 GMT. Undocked on 2 Aug 1978 04:57:44 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 4 Aug 1978 01:31:07 GMT. Total free-flight time 3.92 days. Total docked time 23.67 days.

• Cosmos 1028 Spacecraft: Yantar-2K. Payload: Yantar-2K s/n 14. Mass: 6,600 kg.

  Successful full duration flight. Area survey photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission.

• Progress 3 Spacecraft: Progress. Payload: Progress s/n 103. Mass: 7,014 kg.

  Unmanned supply vessel to Salyut 6. Delivery of fuel, consumable materials and equipment to the Salyut 6 station. Docked with Salyut 6 on 9 Aug 1978 23:59:30 GMT. Undocked on 21 Aug 1978 15:42:50 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 23 Aug 1978 16:45:00 GMT. Total free-flight time 4.10 days. Total docked time 11.66 days.

• Soyuz 31 Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-T. Payload: Soyuz 7K-T s/n 47. Mass: 6,800 kg.

  Manned two crew. Docked with Salyut 6. Delivered to the Salyut-6 station the third international 'Intercosmos' crew consisting of V F Bykovsky (USSR) and S Jaehn (German Democratic Republic) to carry out scientific research and experiments.Recovered November 2, 1978 11:05 GMT.

• Cosmos 1029 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

• Cosmos 1031 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

• Cosmos 1032 Spacecraft: Zenit-2M. Mass: 6,000 kg.

  Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; separated capsule.

• Nauka Cosmos 1032 Spacecraft: Nauka. Payload: Nauka.

• Cosmos 1033 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKT. Payload: Zenit-4MKT no. 7. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• Progress 4 Spacecraft: Progress. Payload: Progress s/n 105. Mass: 7,014 kg.

  Unmanned supply vessel to Salyut 6. Delivery of fuel, consumable materials and equipment to the Salyut 6 station. Docked with Salyut 6 on 6 Oct 1978 01:00:15 GMT. Undocked on 24 Oct 1978 13:01:52 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 26 Oct 1978 16:28:13 GMT. Total free-flight time 4.22 days. Total docked time 18.50 days.

• Cosmos 1042 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

• Cosmos 1044 Spacecraft: Zenit-2M. Mass: 6,000 kg.

  Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.

• Cosmos 1046 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MT. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Military topography satellite; returned film capsule; also performed mapping, geodesy, earth resources tasks; deployed capsule.

• Cosmos 1047 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

• Cosmos 1049 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

• Cosmos 1050 Spacecraft: Zenit-6U. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Photo surveillance; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

• Cosmos 1059 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

• Cosmos 1060 Spacecraft: Zenit-2M. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.

• Cosmos 1061 Spacecraft: Zenit-2M. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; deployed capsule.

• Nauka Cosmos 1061 Spacecraft: Nauka. Payload: Nauka.

• Cosmos 1068 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

• Cosmos 1069 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MT. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Military topography satellite; returned film capsule; also performed mapping, geodesy, earth resources tasks; separated capsule.

• Cosmos 1070 Spacecraft: Zenit-2M. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.

• Nauka Cosmos 1070 Spacecraft: Nauka. Payload: Nauka.

• Cosmos 1071 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

• Cosmos 1073 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

• Cosmos 1074 Spacecraft: Soyuz T. Payload: Soyuz T s/n 5L. Mass: 6,850 kg.

  Manned precursor. Recovered April 1, 1979 10:09 GMT. Soyuz T Test.
  Maneuver Summary:
  197 km X 240 km orbit to 255 km X 297 km orbit. Delta V: 33 m/s
  255 km X 297 km orbit to 264 km X 306 km orbit. Delta V: 4 m/s
  264 km X 306 km orbit to 309 km X 321 km orbit. Delta V: 17 m/s
  309 km X 321 km orbit to 279 km X 357 km orbit. Delta V: 18 m/s
  279 km X 357 km orbit to 352 km X 402 km orbit. Delta V: 32 m/s
  352 km X 402 km orbit to 363 km X 384 km orbit. Delta V: 8 m/s
  Total Delta V: 112 m/s
  Officially: Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.

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  Soyuz pad 1 Credit: © Mark Wade. 16,604 bytes. 198 x 287 pixels.

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• Nauka Spacecraft: Nauka.

• Zenit-2M Spacecraft: Zenit-2M.

  Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite.

• Cosmos 1078 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

• Soyuz 32 Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-T. Payload: Soyuz 7K-T s/n 48. Mass: 6,800 kg.

  Manned two crew. Docked with Salyut 6. Transported a team consisting of V A Lyakhov and V V Ryumin to the Salyut-6 space station to conduct scientific investigations and experiments and repair work. Recovered June 15, 1979 16:18 GMT. Returned unmanned.

• Cosmos 1079 Spacecraft: Yantar-2K. Payload: Yantar-2K s/n 15. Mass: 6,600 kg.

  Area survey photo reconnaissance. Spacecraft depressurization led to malfunction of spacecraft. Deorbited after 12 days.

• Progress 5 Spacecraft: Progress. Payload: Progress s/n 104. Mass: 7,014 kg.

  Unmanned supply vessel to Salyut 6. Delivery of fuel, consumable materials and equipment to the Salyut 6 station. Docked with Salyut 6 on 14 Mar 1979 07:19:21 GMT. Undocked on 3 Apr 1979 16:10:00 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 5 Apr 1979 00:10:22 GMT. Total free-flight time 3.40 days. Total docked time 20.37 days.

• Cosmos 1080 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

• Cosmos 1090 Spacecraft: Zenit-2M. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Area survey photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule.

• Soyuz 33 Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-T. Payload: Soyuz 7K-T s/n 49. Mass: 6,860 kg.

  Manned two crew. Flight under the Intercosmos programme of an international team consisting of N N Rukavishnikov (USSR) and G I Ivanov (Bulgaria). Unsuccessful mission. Failed to rendezvous with Salyut 6. Recovered April 12, 1979 16:35 GMT.

• Cosmos 1095 Spacecraft: Zenit-6U. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Photo surveillance; returned film capsule.

• Cosmos 1097 Spacecraft: Yantar-4K1. Payload: Yantar-4K1 s/n 1. Mass: 6,600 kg.

  First flight test of Yantar-4K1 satellite. Returned as planned after 30 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission.

• Progress 6 Spacecraft: Progress. Payload: Progress s/n 106. Mass: 7,014 kg.

  Unmanned supply vessel to Salyut 6. Delivery of fuel, consumable materials and equipment to the Salyut 6 station. Docked with Salyut 6 on 15 May 1979 06:19:22 GMT. Undocked on 8 Jun 1979 07:59:41 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 9 Jun 1979 18:52:46 GMT. Total free-flight time 3.54 days. Total docked time 24.07 days.

• Cosmos 1098 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable; also performed earth resources tasks.

• Cosmos 1099 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKT. Payload: Zenit-4MKT no. 8. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• Cosmos 1102 Spacecraft: Zenit-2M. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Zenit-2M area survey photo reconnaissance satellite used for earth resources studies as part of 'Gektor-Priroda' project. Nauka subsatellite 32KS jettisoned into independent orbit in the course of the mission. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• Nauka Cosmos 1102 Spacecraft: Nauka. Payload: Nauka.

• Cosmos 1103 Spacecraft: Zenit-6U. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Photo surveillance; returned film capsule.

• Soyuz 34 Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-T. Payload: Soyuz 7K-T s/n 50. Mass: 6,800 kg.

  Docked with Salyut 6. Launched unmanned to provide return vehicle for Soyuz 32 crew of Lyakhov/Ryumin after Soyuz 33 primary propulsion system failure. Checked the operation of the spacecraft propulsion unit; transportated the crew of the Salyut-6 station back to earth. Recovered August 19, 1979 12:30 GMT.

• Cosmos 1105 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKT. Payload: Zenit-4MKT no. 9. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• Cosmos 1106 Spacecraft: Zenit-2M. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Zenit-2M area survey photo reconnaissance satellite used for earth resources studies as part of 'Gektor-Priroda' project. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• Nauka Cosmos 1106 Spacecraft: Nauka. Payload: Nauka?.

• Cosmos 1107 Spacecraft: Zenit-6U. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Photo surveillance; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

• Cosmos 1108 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKT. Payload: Zenit-4MKT no. 10. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• Progress 7 Spacecraft: Progress. Payload: Progress s/n 107. Mass: 7,014 kg.

  Unmanned supply vessel to Salyut 6. Delivery of fuel, consumable materials and equipment to the Salyut 6 station. Docked with Salyut 6 on 30 Jun 1979 11:18:22 GMT. Undocked on 18 Jul 1979 03:49:55 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 20 Jul 1979 01:57:30 GMT. Total free-flight time 4.0 days. Total docked time 17.69 days.

• KRT-10 Payload: KRT-10.

  10 m diameter radio telescope. Attached to Salyut 6 docking hatch and deployed after separation of Progress from Mir.

• Cosmos 1111 Spacecraft: Zenit-6U. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Photo surveillance; returned film capsule.

• Cosmos 1113 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

• Cosmos 1115 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKT. Payload: Zenit-4MKT no. 11. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• Cosmos 1117 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

• Cosmos 1118 Spacecraft: Zenit-2M. Mass: 6,300 kg.

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  Soyuz Shrouds - Comparison of payload shroud and launch escape system development over the life of the Soyuz/Salyut/Mir program. Credit: © Mark Wade. 13,942 bytes. 640 x 480 pixels.

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  Zenit-2M area survey photo reconnaissance satellite used for earth resources studies as part of 'Gektor-Priroda' project. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• Cosmos 1119 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MT. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Military topography satellite; returned film capsule; separated capsule.

• Cosmos 1120 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

• Cosmos 1121 Spacecraft: Yantar-2K. Payload: Yantar-2K s/n 929. Mass: 6,600 kg.

  Area survey photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission.

• Cosmos 1122 Spacecraft: Zenit-2M. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Zenit-2M area survey photo reconnaissance satellite used for earth resources studies as part of 'Gektor-Priroda' project. Nauka subsatellite 31KS jettisoned into independent orbit in the course of the mission. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• Cosmos 1122 Nauka Spacecraft: Nauka.

• Cosmos 1123 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKT. Payload: Zenit-4MKT no. 12. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• Cosmos 1126 Spacecraft: Zenit-6U. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Photo surveillance; returned film capsule.

• Cosmos 1127 Spacecraft: Resurs F1-17F41. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  3rd generation, high resolution photo surveillance; film capsule; maneuverable; also performed earth resources tasks. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• Cosmos 1128 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

• Cosmos 1129 Spacecraft: Bion. Payload: Bion no. 5. Mass: 6,000 kg.

  Biological experiments; embryo development, radiation medicine. Biosatellite for the continued investigation of the effects of space flight on living organisms. Capsule recovered 52 deg 17 min N, 65 deg 30 min E. Cosmos 1129 satellite carried biological and radiation physics experiment packages from Czechoslovakia, France, Hungary, Poland, Romania, the German Democratic Republic, the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. Additional Details: Cosmos 1129.

• Cosmos 1138 Spacecraft: Zenit-6U. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Photo surveillance; returned film capsule.

• Cosmos 1139 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MT. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Military topography satellite; returned film capsule; also performed mapping, geodesy, earth resources tasks; separated capsule.

• Zenit-6 Spacecraft: Zenit-6U.

  Photo surveillance mission.

• Cosmos 1142 Spacecraft: Zenit-6U. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Photo surveillance; returned film capsule.

• Cosmos 1144 Spacecraft: Yantar-2K. Payload: Yantar-2K s/n 939. Mass: 6,600 kg.

  Area survey photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission.

• Cosmos 1147 Spacecraft: Zenit-6U. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Photo surveillance; returned film capsule.

• Soyuz T-1 Spacecraft: Soyuz T. Payload: Soyuz T s/n 6L. Mass: 6,850 kg.

  New generation Soyuz capsule; unmanned flight to Salyut 6. Docked with Salyut 6. Recovered March 25, 1980 21:47 GMT. Unmanned test of Soyuz T design.
  Officially: Complex experimental testing of new on-board systems and assemblies under various flight conditions and operation in conjunction with the Salyut-6 orbital station.

• Cosmos 1148 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

• Cosmos 1149 Spacecraft: Zenit-6U. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Photo surveillance; returned film capsule.

• Cosmos 1152 Spacecraft: Yantar-2K. Payload: Yantar-2K s/n 928. Mass: 6,600 kg.

  Area survey photo reconnaissance. Mission terminated early for unknown reasons (normally 30 day duration).

• Cosmos 1155 Spacecraft: Zenit-6U. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Photo surveillance; returned film capsule.

• Cosmos 1165 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule

• Cosmos 1166 Spacecraft: Zenit-6U. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Photo surveillance; returned film capsule.

• Progress 8 Spacecraft: Progress. Payload: Progress s/n 108. Mass: 7,014 kg.

  Unmanned supply vessel for Salyut 6. Delivery of various cargoes to the Salyut-6 orbital station. Docked with Salyut 6 on 29 Mar 1980 20:01:00 GMT. Undocked on 25 Apr 1980 08:04:00 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 26 Apr 1980 06:54:00 GMT. Total free-flight time 3.0 days. Total docked time 26.50 days.

• Cosmos 1170 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

• Soyuz 35 Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-T. Payload: Soyuz 7K-T s/n 51. Mass: 6,800 kg.

  Manned two crew. Docked with Salyut 6. Carried crew comprising L I Popov and V V Ryumin to the Salyut-6 station to carry out scientific and technical research and experiments. Returned crew of Soyuz 36 to Earth. Recovered June 3, 1980 15:07 GMT. Landed 140 km SE Dzehezkazgan.

• Cosmos 1173 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

• Progress 9 Spacecraft: Progress. Payload: Progress s/n 109. Mass: 7,014 kg.

  Unmanned supply vessel for Salyut 6. Delivery of various cargoes to the Salyut-6 orbital station. Docked with Salyut 6 on 29 Apr 1980 08:09:19 GMT. Undocked on 20 May 1980 18:51:00 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 22 May 1980 00:44:00 GMT. Total free-flight time 3.32 days. Total docked time 21.45 days.

• Cosmos 1177 Spacecraft: Yantar-4K1. Payload: Yantar-4K1 s/n 2. Mass: 6,600 kg.

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  Progress launch - Early Progress launches used the Soyuz shroud. Although the launch escape tour was retained to maintain the proven aerodynamics, the escape motors and grid stabilizers on the side of the shroud were deleted. 14,940 bytes. 206 x 463 pixels.

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  Second flight test of Yantar-4K1 satellite. Demonstrated full spacecraft design duration of 45 days. High resolution photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission.

• Cosmos 1178 Spacecraft: Zenit-6U. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Photo surveillance; returned film capsule.

• Cosmos 1180 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MT. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Military topography satellite; returned film capsule; also performed mapping, geodesy, earth resources tasks; separated capsule.

• Cosmos 1182 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKT. Payload: Zenit-4MKT no. 13. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• Soyuz 36 Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-T. Payload: Soyuz 7K-T s/n 52. Mass: 6,800 kg.

  Transported the fifth international crew under the INTERCOSMOS programme, comprising V N Kubasov (USSR) and B Farkas (Hungary) to the Salyut-6 station to carry out scientific research and experiments. Returned crew of Soyuz 37 to Earth. Recovered July 31, 1980 15:15 GMT.

• Cosmos 1183 Spacecraft: Zenit-6U. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Photo surveillance; returned film capsule.

• Soyuz T-2 Spacecraft: Soyuz T. Payload: Soyuz T s/n 7L. Mass: 6,850 kg.

  Test flight of new Soyuz T; docked with Salyut 6. Conducted testing and development of on-board systems in the improved Soyuz T series transport vehicle under piloted conditions. Recovered June 9, 1980 12:40 GMT.

• Cosmos 1185 Spacecraft: Resurs F1-17F41. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  3rd generation, high resolution photo surveillance; film capsule; maneuverable (?); also performed earth resource tasks. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• Cosmos 1187 Spacecraft: Zenit-6U. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Photo surveillance; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

• Cosmos 1189 Spacecraft: Zenit-6U. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Photo surveillance; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

• Progress 10 Spacecraft: Progress. Payload: Progress s/n 110. Mass: 7,014 kg.

  Unmanned supply vessel for Salyut 6. Delivery of various cargoes to the Salyut-6 orbital station. Docked with Salyut 6 on 1 Jul 1980 05:53:00 GMT. Undocked on 17 Jul 1980 22:21:00 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 19 Jul 1980 01:47:00 GMT. Total free-flight time 3.19 days. Total docked time 16.69 days.

• Cosmos 1200 Spacecraft: Zenit-6U. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Photo surveillance; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

• Cosmos 1201 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKT. Payload: Zenit-4MKT no. 14. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• Soyuz 37 Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-T. Payload: Soyuz 7K-T s/n 53. Mass: 6,800 kg.

  Manned two crew. Transported to the Salyut-6 station the sixth international crew under the Intercosmos programme, comprising V V Gorbatko (USSR) and Pham Tuan (Viet Nam), to conduct scientific research and experiments. Returned crew of Soyuz 35 to Earth. Recovered October 11, 1980 9:50 GMT.

• Cosmos 1202 Spacecraft: Zenit-6U. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Photo surveillance; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

• Cosmos 1203 Spacecraft: Resurs F1-17F41. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  3rd generation, high resolution photo surveillance; film capsule; maneuverable (?); also performed earth resources tasks. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• Cosmos 1205 Spacecraft: Zenit-6U. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Photo surveillance; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

• Cosmos 1207 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKT. Payload: Zenit-4MKT no. 15. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• Cosmos 1208 Spacecraft: Yantar-2K. Payload: Yantar-2K s/n 927. Mass: 6,600 kg.

  Area survey photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission.

• Cosmos 1209 Spacecraft: Resurs F1-17F41. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  3rd generation, high resolution photo surveillance; film capsule; maneuverable; also performed earth resources tasks. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• Soyuz 38 Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-T. Payload: Soyuz 7K-T s/n 54. Mass: 6,800 kg.

  Manned two crew. Docked with Salyut 6. Transported to the Salyut-6 station the seventh international crew under the INTERCOSMOS programme, comprising Y V Romanenko (USSR) and A. Tomaio Mendez (Cuba), to conduct scientific research and experiments. Recovered September 26, 1980 15:54 GMT.

• Cosmos 1210 Spacecraft: Zenit-6U. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Photo surveillance; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

• Cosmos 1211 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MT. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Military topography satellite; returned film capsule; also performed mapping, geodesy, earth resources tasks; separated capsule.

• Cosmos 1212 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKT. Payload: Zenit-4MKT no. 16. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• Progress 11 Spacecraft: Progress. Payload: Progress s/n 111. Mass: 7,014 kg.

  Unmanned supply vessel for Salyut 6. Delivery of various cargoes to the Salyut-6 orbital station. Docked with Salyut 6 on 30 Sep 1980 17:03:00 GMT. Undocked on 9 Dec 1980 10:23:00 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 11 Dec 1980 14:00:00 GMT. Total free-flight time 4.23 days. Total docked time 69.72 days.

• Cosmos 1213 Spacecraft: Zenit-6U. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Photo surveillance; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

• Cosmos 1214 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKM. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  High resolution photo reconnaissance satellite; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

• Cosmos 1216 Spacecraft: Zenit-6U. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Photo surveillance; returned film capsule.

• Cosmos 1218 Spacecraft: Yantar-4K1. Payload: Yantar-4K1 s/n 3. Mass: 6,600 kg.

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  LC1 Detail - Launch Complex 1 booster release arm counterweights. Credit: © Mark Wade. 75,633 bytes. 581 x 394 pixels.

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  Successful state acceptance test flight of Yantar-4K1 satellite. Led to Yantar-4K1 acceptance for Red Army service the following year. High resolution photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission.

• Cosmos 1219 Spacecraft: Zenit-6U. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Photo surveillance; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

• Cosmos 1221 Spacecraft: Zenit-6U. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Photo surveillance; returned film capsule.

• Soyuz T-3 Spacecraft: Soyuz T. Payload: Soyuz T s/n 8L. Mass: 6,850 kg.

  Manned three crew. Docked with Salyut 6. Tested the improved transport ship of the 'SOYUZ T' series; transported to the Salyut-6 orbital station a crew consisting of L D Kizim, O G Makarov and G M Strekalov to carry out repair and preventive work and scientific and technical investigation and experiments. Recovered December 10, 1980 09:26 GMT.

• Cosmos 1224 Spacecraft: Zenit-6U. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Photo surveillance; returned film capsule.

• Cosmos 1227 Spacecraft: Zenit-6U. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Photo surveillance; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

• Cosmos 1236 Spacecraft: Yantar-2K. Payload: Yantar-2K s/n 941. Mass: 6,600 kg.

  Area survey photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission.

• Cosmos 1237 Spacecraft: Zenit-6U. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Photo surveillance; returned film capsule.

• Cosmos 1239 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MT. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Military topography satellite; returned film capsule; also performed mapping, geodesy.

• Cosmos 1240 Spacecraft: Yantar-2K. Payload: Yantar-2K s/n 975. Mass: 6,600 kg.

  Area survey photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission.

• Progress 12 Spacecraft: Progress. Payload: Progress s/n 113. Mass: 7,020 kg.

  Unmanned supply vessel to Salyut 6. Delivery of various cargoes to the Salyut-6 orbital station. Docked with Salyut 6 on 26 Jan 1981 15:56:00 GMT. Undocked on 19 Mar 1981 18:14:00 GMT. Destroyed in reentry on 20 Mar 1981 16:59:00 GMT. Total free-flight time 3.02 days. Total docked time 52.10 days.

• Cosmos 1245 Spacecraft: Zenit-6U. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Photo surveillance; returned film capsule.

• Cosmos 1246 Spacecraft: Yantar-1KFT. Payload: Yantar-1KFT no. 1. Mass: 6,600 kg.

  Military topographic / cartographic satellite.

• Cosmos 1248 Spacecraft: Yantar-2K. Payload: Yantar-2K s/n 940. Mass: 6,600 kg.

  Area survey photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission.

• Soyuz T-4 Spacecraft: Soyuz T. Payload: Soyuz T s/n 10L. Mass: 6,850 kg.

  Manned two crew. Docked with Salyut 6. Transported to the Salyut-6 orbital station cosmonauts V V Kovalenko and V P Savinykh to carry out repairs and preventive maintenance and scientific and technical investigations and experiments. Recovered June 10, 1981 12:38 GMT.

• Cosmos 1259 Spacecraft: Zenit-6U. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Photo surveillance; returned film capsule.

• Soyuz 39 Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-T. Payload: Soyuz 7K-T s/n 55. Mass: 6,800 kg.

  Manned two crew. Docked with Salyut 6. Transported to the Salyut-6 orbital station the eighth international crew under the INTERCOSMOS programme, comprising V A Dzhanibekov (USSR) and Z. Gurragchi (Mongolian People's Republic) to conduct scientific investigations and experiments. Recovered March 30, 1981 11:42 GMT.

• Yantar-2K s/n 979 Spacecraft: Yantar-2K. Payload: Yantar-2K s/n 979. Mass: 6,600 kg.

  Yantar Area survey photo reconnaissance spacecraft failed to achieve orbit.

• Cosmos 1262 Spacecraft: Zenit-6U. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Photo surveillance; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

• Cosmos 1264 Spacecraft: Zenit-6U. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Photo surveillance; returned film capsule.

• Cosmos 1265 Spacecraft: Zenit-6U. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Photo surveillance; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

• Cosmos 1268 Spacecraft: Zenit-6U. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Photo surveillance; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

• Soyuz 40 Spacecraft: Soyuz 7K-T. Payload: Soyuz 7K-T s/n 56. Mass: 6,800 kg.

  Manned two crew. Docked with Salyut 6. Transported to the Salyut-6 orbital station the ninth international crew under the INTERCOSMOS programme, comprising L I Popov (USSR), and D. Prunariu (Romania), to conduct scientific research and experiments. Recovered May 22, 1981 13:58 GMT.

• Cosmos 1270 Spacecraft: Yantar-2K. Payload: Yantar-2K s/n 980. Mass: 6,600 kg.

  Area survey photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission.

• Cosmos 1272 Spacecraft: Zenit-6U. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Photo surveillance; returned film capsule.

• Cosmos 1273 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKT. Payload: Zenit-4MKT no. 17. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• Cosmos 1274 Spacecraft: Yantar-2K. Payload: Yantar-2K s/n 942. Mass: 6,600 kg.

  Area survey photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission.

• Cosmos 1276 Spacecraft: Zenit-4MKT. Payload: Zenit-4MKT no. 18. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• Cosmos 1277 Spacecraft: Zenit-6U. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Photo surveillance; returned film capsule.

• Cosmos 1279 Spacecraft: Zenit-6U. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Photo surveillance; returned film capsule; maneuverable.

• Cosmos 1280 Spacecraft: Resurs F1-17F41. Mass: 6,300 kg.

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  LC1 Detail - Launch Complex 1 elevator access. Credit: © Mark Wade. 49,080 bytes. 568 x 390 pixels.

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  3rd generation, high resolution photo surveillance; film capsule; maneuverable; also performed earth resources tasks. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• Cosmos 1281 Spacecraft: Zenit-6U. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  Photo surveillance; returned film capsule.

• Iskra Spacecraft: Iskra. Payload: RK-01.

  Launched from Salyut 7 airlock. Conduct of scientific experiments to study diffusion and heat processes in weightlessness.

• Cosmos 1282 Spacecraft: Yantar-2K. Payload: Yantar-2K s/n 951. Mass: 6,600 kg.

  Area survey photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission.

• Cosmos 1283 Spacecraft: Resurs F1-17F41. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  3rd generation, medium resolution photo surveillance; film capsule; also performed earth resources tasks. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• Cosmos 1284 Spacecraft: Resurs F1-17F41. Mass: 6,300 kg.

  3rd generation, medium resolution photo surveillance; film capsule; also performed earth resources tasks. Investigation of the natural resources of the earth in the interests of various branches of the national economy of the USSR and international cooperation.

• Cosmos 1296 Spacecraft: Yantar-2K. Payload: Yantar-2K s/n 943. Mass: 6,600 kg.

  Area survey photo reconnaissance; returned film in two small SpK capsules during the mission and with the main capsule at completion of the mission.

• Cosmos 1297 Spacecraft: