Proton 8K82K / 11S86 - Proton 8K82K / 11S86 Block DM launch vehicle - cutaway drawing showing arrangement of N2O4 oxidiser tanks (green) and UDMH fuel tanks (orange) in Proton, and Liquid oxygen (blue) and kerosene (pink) tanks in the Block DM stage. Block DM guidance package is housed in the light brown compartment above the LOX tank. Credit: © Mark Wade. 6,988 bytes. 60 x 430 pixels.

This improved four stage version uses the Block DM / 11S86 fourth stage, which has its own guidance unit. This reduces payload but does not require the spacecraft's guidance system to provide steering commands to booster. Replaced the original Block DM / 11S86 version from 1982 to 1995. Used for launch of Glonass navigation satellites into medium earth orbit; and launch of Luch, Ekran-M, Potok, Raduga, Gorizont, Raduga-1, Elektro, and Gals communications satellites into geosynchronous orbit.

Launches: 96. Failures: 8. Success Rate: 91.67% pct. First Launch Date: 12 October 1982. Last Launch Date: 13 October 2000. Payload: 1,880 kg. to a: geosynchronous orbital trajectory. Liftoff Thrust: 902,100 kgf. Total Mass: 711,110 kg. Core Diameter: 4.2 m. Total Length: 59.0 m. Launch Price $: 70.00 million. in 1994 price dollars.

• Stage Number: 1. 1 x Proton K-1 Gross Mass: 450,510 kg. Empty Mass: 31,100 kg. Thrust (vac): 1,067,659 kgf. Isp: 316 sec. Burn time: 124 sec. Isp(sl): 267 sec. Diameter: 4.2 m. Span: 7.4 m. Length: 21.2 m. Propellants: N2O4/UDMH No Engines: 6. RD-253-11D48

• Stage Number: 2. 1 x Proton K-2 Gross Mass: 167,828 kg. Empty Mass: 11,715 kg. Thrust (vac): 244,652 kgf. Isp: 327 sec. Burn time: 206 sec. Isp(sl): 230 sec. Diameter: 4.2 m. Span: 4.2 m. Length: 14.0 m. Propellants: N2O4/UDMH No Engines: 4. RD-0210

• Stage Number: 3. 1 x Proton K-3 Gross Mass: 50,747 kg. Empty Mass: 4,185 kg. Thrust (vac): 64,260 kgf. Isp: 325 sec. Burn time: 238 sec. Isp(sl): 230 sec. Diameter: 4.2 m. Span: 4.2 m. Length: 6.5 m. Propellants: N2O4/UDMH No Engines: 1. RD-0212

• Stage Number: 4. 1 x Proton 11S861 Gross Mass: 17,300 kg. Empty Mass: 2,300 kg. Thrust (vac): 8,670 kgf. Isp: 352 sec. Burn time: 600 sec. Diameter: 3.7 m. Span: 3.7 m. Length: 7.1 m. Propellants: Lox/Kerosene No Engines: 1. RD-58M

• Cosmos 1414 Spacecraft: Glonass. Payload: Glonass Dummy. Mass: 1,250 kg.

  Glonass test flight. Testing of the components and equipment of the space navigation system established in order to locate the Soviet Union's civil aircraft and its merchant and fishing vessels. Three satellites launched by a single carrier rocket.

• Cosmos 1415 Spacecraft: Glonass. Payload: Glonass Dummy. Mass: 1,250 kg.

  Glonass test flight. Testing of the components and equipment of the space navigation system established in order to locate the Soviet Union's civil aircraft and its merchant and fishing vessels. Three satellites launched by a single carrier rocket.

• Cosmos 1413 Spacecraft: Glonass . Payload: Glonass s/n 11L. Mass: 1,250 kg.

  Glonass test flight. Testing of the components and equipment of the space navigation system established in order to locate the Soviet Union's civil aircraft and its merchant and fishing vessels. Three satellites launched by a single carrier rocket.

• Cosmos 1491 Spacecraft: Glonass. Payload: Glonass s/n 13L. Mass: 1,250 kg.

  Glonass test flight. Testing components and apparatus from the space navigation system being set up to determine the position of the Soviet civil aircraft and vessels in the Soviet navy and fishing fleet. Three satellites launched by a single carrier rocket.

• Cosmos 1492 Spacecraft: Glonass. Payload: Glonass Dummy. Mass: 1,250 kg.

  Glonass test flight. Testing components and apparatus from the space navigation system being set up to determine the position of the Soviet civil aircraft and vessels in the Soviet navy and fishing fleet. Three satellites launched by a single carrier rocket.

• Cosmos 1490 Spacecraft: Glonass . Payload: Glonass s/n 12L. Mass: 1,250 kg.

  Glonass test flight. Testing components and apparatus from the space navigation system being set up to determine the position of the Soviet civil aircraft and vessels in the Soviet navy and fishing fleet. Three satellites launched by a single carrier rocket.

• Cosmos 1521 Spacecraft: Glonass. Payload: Glonass Dummy. Mass: 1,250 kg.

  Glonass. Testing components and apparatus from the space navigation system being set up to determine the position of the Soviet civil aircraft and vessels in the Soviet navy and fishing fleet. Three satellites launched by a single carrier rocket.

• Cosmos 1520 Spacecraft: Glonass. Payload: Glonass s/n 15L. Mass: 1,250 kg.

  Glonass. Testing components and apparatus from the space navigation system being set up to determine the position of the Soviet civil aircraft and vessels in the Soviet navy and fishing fleet. Three satellites launched by a single carrier rocket.

• Cosmos 1519 Spacecraft: Glonass . Payload: Glonass s/n 14L. Mass: 1,250 kg.

  Glonass. Testing components and apparatus from the space navigation system being set up to determine the position of the Soviet civil aircraft and vessels in the Soviet navy and fishing fleet. Three satellites launched by a single carrier rocket.

• Cosmos 1556 Spacecraft: Glonass. Payload: Glonass Dummy. Mass: 1,250 kg.

  Glonass. Testing components and apparatus from the space navigation system being set up to determine the position of Soviet civil aircraft and vessels in the Soviet merchant marine and fishing fleet. Three satellites launched by a single rocket.

• Cosmos 1555 Spacecraft: Glonass. Payload: Glonass s/n 17L. Mass: 1,250 kg.

  Glonass. Testing components and apparatus from the space navigation system being set up to determine the position of Soviet civil aircraft and vessels in the Soviet merchant marine and fishing fleet. Three satellites launched by a single rocket.

• Cosmos 1554 Spacecraft: Glonass . Payload: Glonass s/n 16L. Mass: 1,250 kg.

  Glonass. Testing components and apparatus from the space navigation system being set up to determine the position of Soviet civil aircraft and vessels in the Soviet merchant marine and fishing fleet. Three satellites launched by a single rocket.

• Cosmos 1593 Spacecraft: Glonass . Payload: Glonass s/n 18L. Mass: 1,250 kg.

  Glonass. Testing components and apparatus from the space navigation system being set up to determine the position of Soviet civil aircraft and vessels in the Soviet merchant marine and fishing fleet. Three satellites launched by a single rocket.

• Cosmos 1594 Spacecraft: Glonass. Payload: Glonass s/n 19L. Mass: 1,250 kg.

  Glonass. Testing components and apparatus from the space navigation system being set up to determine the position of Soviet civil aircraft and vessels in the Soviet merchant marine and fishing fleet. Three satellites launched by a single rocket.

• Cosmos 1595 Spacecraft: Glonass. Payload: Glonass Dummy. Mass: 1,250 kg.

  Glonass. Testing components and apparatus from the space navigation system being set up to determine the position of Soviet civil aircraft and vessels in the Soviet merchant marine and fishing fleet. Three satellites launched by a single rocket.

• Cosmos 1603 Spacecraft: Tselina-2. Payload: Tselina-2 no. 1. Mass: 6,000 kg.

  First launch of new Tselina-2 ELINT satellite.

• Cosmos 1652 Spacecraft: Glonass. Payload: Glonass Dummy. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  Glonass. Testing components and apparatus from the space navigation system being set up to determine the position of Soviet civil aircraft and vessels in the Soviet merchant marine and fishing fleet. Three satellites launched by a single rocket.

• Cosmos 1651 Spacecraft: Glonass. Payload: Glonass s/n 21L. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  Glonass. Testing components and apparatus from the space navigation system being set up to determine the position of Soviet civil aircraft and vessels in the Soviet merchant marine and fishing fleet. Three satellites launched by a single rocket.

• Cosmos 1650 Spacecraft: Glonass . Payload: Glonass s/n 20L. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  Glonass. Testing components and apparatus from the space navigation system being set up to determine the position of Soviet civil aircraft and vessels in the Soviet merchant marine and fishing fleet. Three satellites launched by a single rocket.

• Cosmos 1656 Spacecraft: Tselina-2. Payload: Tselina-2 no. 2. Mass: 6,000 kg.

• Cosmos 1700 Spacecraft: Luch . Payload: Luch s/n 11L. Mass: 2,000 kg.

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  Stationed at 95 deg E. Experimental retransmission of telephone and telegraph data in the centimetre band. First launch in Altair/SR system for communication with Mir space station and other orbital spacecraft. First tests with Mir were conducted on 29 March 1986 using Mir’s large aft antenna communicating with Cosmos 1700 stationed in geosynchronous orbit at 95 degrees East. In September 1986 Cosmos 1700 ceased operating and drifted off its geosynchronous orbit position.

• Cosmos 1710 Spacecraft: Glonass . Payload: Glonass s/n 22L. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  Glonass. Testing components and apparatus from the space navigation system being set up to determine the position of Soviet civil aircraft and vessels in the Soviet merchant marine and fishing fleet. Three satellites launched by a single rocket.

• Cosmos 1712 Spacecraft: Glonass. Payload: Glonass Dummy. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  Glonass. Testing components and apparatus from the space navigation system being set up to determine the position of Soviet civil aircraft and vessels in the Soviet merchant marine and fishing fleet. Three satellites launched by a single rocket.

• Cosmos 1711 Spacecraft: Glonass. Payload: Glonass s/n 23L. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  Glonass. Testing components and apparatus from the space navigation system being set up to determine the position of Soviet civil aircraft and vessels in the Soviet merchant marine and fishing fleet. Three satellites launched by a single rocket.

• Cosmos 1780 Spacecraft: Glonass. Payload: Glonass s/n 26L. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  Glonass. Testing components and apparatus from the space navigation system being set up to determine the position of Soviet civil aircraft and vessels in the Soviet merchant marine and fishing fleet. Three satellites launched by a single rocket.

• Cosmos 1778 Spacecraft: Glonass . Payload: Glonass s/n 24L. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  Glonass. Testing components and apparatus from the space navigation system being set up to determine the position of Soviet civil aircraft and vessels in the Soviet merchant marine and fishing fleet. Three satellites launched by a single rocket.

• Cosmos 1779 Spacecraft: Glonass. Payload: Glonass s/n 25L. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  Glonass. Testing components and apparatus from the space navigation system being set up to determine the position of Soviet civil aircraft and vessels in the Soviet merchant marine and fishing fleet. Three satellites launched by a single rocket.

• Cosmos 1817 Spacecraft: Ekran-M . Payload: Ekran-M s/n 11L. Mass: 2,000 kg.

  Geosynchronous ballistic missile early warning satellite. Launch vehicle failure; left in unusable orbit. Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space.

• Cosmos 1839 Spacecraft: Glonass. Payload: Glonass s/n 31L. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  Glonass; upper stage failure; unusable orbit. Fourth stage failure

• Cosmos 1838 Spacecraft: Glonass . Payload: Glonass s/n 30L. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  Glonass; upper stage failure; unusable orbit. Fourth stage failure

• Cosmos 1840 Spacecraft: Glonass. Payload: Glonass s/n 32L. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  Glonass; upper stage failure; unusable orbit. Fourth stage failure

• Cosmos 1885 Spacecraft: Glonass. Payload: Glonass s/n 35L. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  Glonass. Testing components and apparatus from the space navigation system being set up to determine the position of Soviet civil aircraft and vessels in the Soviet merchant marine and fishing fleet. Three satellites launched by a single rocket.

• Cosmos 1884 Spacecraft: Glonass. Payload: Glonass s/n 34L. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  Glonass. Testing components and apparatus from the space navigation system being set up to determine the position of Soviet civil aircraft and vessels in the Soviet merchant marine and fishing fleet. Three satellites launched by a single rocket.

• Cosmos 1883 Spacecraft: Glonass . Payload: Glonass s/n 33L. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  Glonass. Testing components and apparatus from the space navigation system being set up to determine the position of Soviet civil aircraft and vessels in the Soviet merchant marine and fishing fleet. Three satellites launched by a single rocket.

• Cosmos 1888 Spacecraft: Potok. Payload: Potok no. 4 s/n 15L. Mass: 2,000 kg.

  Stationed at 80 deg E; later moved to 13.5 deg W. Communications experiments. Investigation of outer space; relaying of telephone and telegraph information.

• Cosmos 1894 Spacecraft: SPRN. Payload: SPRN No. 5. Mass: 2,000 kg.

  Geosynchronous ballistic missile early warning satellite. Stationed at 335 deg E.

• Cosmos 1897 Spacecraft: Luch . Payload: Luch s/n 12L. Mass: 2,000 kg.

  Stationed at 95 deg E. Relaying of telephone and telegraph information. Second launch in Altair/SR system for communication with Mir space station and other orbital spacecraft. In late July 1988 Cosmos 1897 was moved from its station at 95 degrees East to 12 degrees East to support the Buran shuttle test flight of November 14, 1988. During February 1987 the satellite was moved back to its original position at 95 degrees East. The satellite drifted to 90 degrees East by March 1991. By late April it was maneuvered it back to 95 degrees East, but by the end of 1991 it had drifted to 77 degrees East and was considered inoperative.

• Raduga 21 Spacecraft: Raduga . Payload: Raduga s/n 32L. Mass: 1,965 kg.

  Stationed at 128 deg E. Provision of telephone and telegraph radiocommunications and television broadcasting.

• Ekran 17 Spacecraft: Ekran-M . Payload: Ekran-M s/n 13L. Mass: 1,970 kg.

  Stationed at 99 deg E. Transmitting USSR Central Television programmes to a network of communal receivers.

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  R-7 vs Proton - R-7 / Proton LVs Cutaway Credit: © Mark Wade. 10,191 bytes. 287 x 720 pixels.

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• Gorizont s/n 25L Spacecraft: Gorizont. Payload: Gorizont s/n 25L. Mass: 2,100 kg.

• Cosmos 1918 Spacecraft: Glonass. Payload: Glonass s/n 37L. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  Triple Glonass launch; three satellites (Cosmos 1917, 1918, 1919) failed to separate. A Proton carrier rocket was put into staging orbit to test components, also apparatus for a space navigation system. The satellites were not put into their designed orbit owing to a malfunction in the separation assembly controls.

• Cosmos 1917 Spacecraft: Glonass . Payload: Glonass s/n 38L. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  Triple Glonass launch; three satellites (Cosmos 1917, 1918, 1919) failed to separate. A Proton carrier rocket was put into staging orbit to test components, also apparatus for a space navigation system. The satellites were not put into their designed orbit owing to a malfunction in the separation assembly controls.

• Cosmos 1919 Spacecraft: Glonass. Payload: Glonass s/n 36L. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  Triple Glonass launch; three satellites (Cosmos 1917, 1918, 1919) failed to separate. A Proton carrier rocket was put into staging orbit to test components, also apparatus for a space navigation system. The satellites were not put into their designed orbit owing to a malfunction in the separation assembly controls.

• Cosmos 1919 Spacecraft: Glonass. Payload: Glonass s/n 36L.

• Cosmos 1918 Spacecraft: Glonass. Payload: Glonass s/n 37L.

• Cosmos 1940 Spacecraft: SPRN. Payload: SPRN No. 5. Mass: 2,000 kg.

  Stationed at 12 deg E; atmospheric, ocean studies. Investigation of the seas and oceans and the processes occurring in the earth's atmosphere.

• Cosmos 1947 Spacecraft: Glonass. Payload: Glonass s/n 40L. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  Glonass. Testing of components and systems for a space-based navigation system being constructed to track Soviet civil aircraft and naval and fishing vessels.

• Cosmos 1948 Spacecraft: Glonass. Payload: Glonass s/n 41L. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  Glonass. Testing of components and systems for a space-based navigation system being constructed to track Soviet civil aircraft and naval and fishing vessels.

• Cosmos 1946 Spacecraft: Glonass . Payload: Glonass s/n 39L. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  Glonass. Testing of components and systems for a space-based navigation system being constructed to track Soviet civil aircraft and naval and fishing vessels.

• Cosmos 1961 Spacecraft: Potok. Payload: Potok no. 5 s/n 16L. Mass: 2,000 kg.

  Stationed at 13.5 deg W; later moved to 80 deg E. Investigation of outer space and relay of telegraph and telephone messages.

• Gorizont 16 Spacecraft: Gorizont . Payload: Gorizont s/n 28L. Mass: 2,100 kg.

  Stationed at 80 deg E. Provision of telephone and telegraph radiocommunications and television broadcasting.

• Cosmos 1971 Spacecraft: Glonass. Payload: Glonass s/n 44L. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  Glonass. Testing components and apparatus from the space navigation system being set up to determine the position of Soviet civil aircraft and vessels in the Soviet merchant marine and fishing fleet. Three satellites launched by a single rocket.

• Cosmos 1970 Spacecraft: Glonass . Payload: Glonass s/n 42L. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  Glonass. Testing components and apparatus from the space navigation system being set up to determine the position of Soviet civil aircraft and vessels in the Soviet merchant marine and fishing fleet. Three satellites launched by a single rocket.

• Cosmos 1972 Spacecraft: Glonass. Payload: Glonass s/n 43L. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  Glonass. Testing components and apparatus from the space navigation system being set up to determine the position of Soviet civil aircraft and vessels in the Soviet merchant marine and fishing fleet. Three satellites launched by a single rocket.

• Raduga 22 Spacecraft: Raduga . Payload: Raduga s/n 34L. Mass: 1,965 kg.

  Stationed at 35 deg E. Provision of telephone and telegraph radiocommunications and television broadcasting.

• Ekran 19 Spacecraft: Ekran-M . Payload: Ekran-M s/n 12L. Mass: 1,970 kg.

  Stationed at 99 deg E. Transmission of Central Television programmes to a network of receivers for collective use.

• Cosmos 1989 Spacecraft: Etalon. Payload: Etalon PKA s/n 1L. Mass: 1,415 kg.

  Etalon series. Acquisition of data to enhance accuracy in identifying and forecasting movements of space apparatus, and for geophysical and geodetic research.

• Cosmos 1987 Spacecraft: Glonass . Payload: Glonass s/n 27L. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  Glonass. Testing components and apparatus from the space navigation system being set up to determine the position of Soviet civil aircraft and vessels in the Soviet merchant marine and fishing fleet. Three satellites launched by a single rocket.

• Cosmos 1988 Spacecraft: Glonass. Payload: Glonass s/n 45L. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  Glonass. Testing components and apparatus from the space navigation system being set up to determine the position of Soviet civil aircraft and vessels in the Soviet merchant marine and fishing fleet. Three satellites launched by a single rocket.

• Gorizont 17 Spacecraft: Gorizont . Payload: Gorizont s/n 29L. Mass: 2,120 kg.

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  Universal Rockets - Chelomei's Universal Rocket Family. From left to right: UR-200. Original UR-500 configuration, composed of clustered UR-200's. Conventional UR-500 monoblock configuration. Selected UR-500 polyblock configuration. UR-500 two-stage configuration as flown. UR-500K configuration with Block D upper stage. Credit: © Mark Wade. 36,031 bytes. 630 x 351 pixels.

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  Stationed at 53 deg E. Provision of telephone and telegraph radiocommunications and television broadcasting. Satellite sold to Rimsat Corporation in June 1993.

• Raduga 23 Spacecraft: Raduga . Payload: Raduga s/n 33L. Mass: 1,965 kg.

  Stationed at 336 deg E. Provision of telephone and telegraph radiocommunications and television broadcasting.

• Cosmos 2022 Spacecraft: Glonass . Payload: Glonass s/n 28L. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  Glonass. Testing components and apparatus from the space navigation system being set up to determine the position of Soviet civil aircraft and vessels in the Soviet merchant marine and fishing fleet. Three satellites launched by a single rocket.

• Cosmos 2023 Spacecraft: Glonass. Payload: Glonass s/n 29L. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  Glonass. Testing components and apparatus from the space navigation system being set up to determine the position of Soviet civil aircraft and vessels in the Soviet merchant marine and fishing fleet. Three satellites launched by a single rocket.

• Cosmos 2024 Spacecraft: Etalon. Payload: Etalon PKA s/n 2L. Mass: 1,415 kg.

  Etalon series. Acquisition of data to enhance accuracy in identifying and forecasting movements of space apparatus, and for geophysical and geodetic research.

• Raduga 1-1 Spacecraft: Raduga-1. Payload: Raduga-1 s/n 11. Mass: 2,000 kg.

  Stationed at 49 deg E; first launch of alternate Raduga design. Maintenance of telephone and telegraph radio communications.

• Gorizont 18 Spacecraft: Gorizont . Payload: Gorizont s/n 27L. Mass: 2,120 kg.

  Stationed at 140 deg E. Provision of telephone and telegraph radiocommunications and television broadcasting.

• Gorizont 19 Spacecraft: Gorizont . Payload: Gorizont s/n 31L. Mass: 2,120 kg.

  Stationed at 97.5 deg E. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communications system and transmission of television programmes.

• Raduga 24 Spacecraft: Raduga . Payload: Raduga s/n 36L. Mass: 1,965 kg.

  Stationed at 45 deg E. Radio telephone and telegraph communications and transmission of television programmes.

• Cosmos 2054 Spacecraft: Luch . Payload: Luch s/n 14L. Mass: 2,150 kg.

  Stationed at 346 deg E. Relaying of telegraph and telephone information. The third Altair/SR geosynchronous satellite for communication with Mir space station and other orbital spacecraft. Combined with Cosmos 1897, it permitted Mir to maintain contact with Mission Control in Moscow 70% of the time.

• Raduga 25 Spacecraft: Raduga . Payload: Raduga s/n 35L. Mass: 1,965 kg.

  Stationed at 70 deg E. Provision of telephone and telegraph radiocommunications and television broadcasting.

• Cosmos 2081 Spacecraft: Glonass. Payload: Glonass s/n 52L. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  Glonass. Testing of components and apparatus of the Glonass global space navigation system being set up to determine the position of the Soviet Union's civil aircraft and vessels in its merchant marine and fishing fleet.

• Cosmos 2080 Spacecraft: Glonass. Payload: Glonass s/n 51L. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  Glonass. Testing of components and apparatus of the Glonass global space navigation system being set up to determine the position of the Soviet Union's civil aircraft and vessels in its merchant marine and fishing fleet.

• Cosmos 2079 Spacecraft: Glonass . Payload: Glonass s/n 46L. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  Glonass. Testing of components and apparatus of the Glonass global space navigation system being set up to determine the position of the Soviet Union's civil aircraft and vessels in its merchant marine and fishing fleet.

• Cosmos 2085 Spacecraft: Potok. Payload: Potok no. 6 s/n 17L. Mass: 2,150 kg.

  Stationed at 80 deg E. Relaying of telegraph and telephone information.

• Ekran-M s/n 14L Spacecraft: Ekran-M. Payload: Ekran-M s/n 14L. Mass: 1,970 kg.

• Gorizont 21 Spacecraft: Gorizont . Payload: Gorizont s/n 32L. Mass: 2,125 kg.

  Stationed at 90 deg E. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communications system and transmission of television programmes.

• Gorizont 22 Spacecraft: Gorizont . Payload: Gorizont s/n 33L. Mass: 2,125 kg.

  Stationed at 40 deg E. Operation of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communications system and transmission of television programmes.

• Cosmos 2110 Spacecraft: Glonass. Payload: Glonass s/n 48L. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  Glonass. Testing components and apparatus from the space navigation system being set up to determine the position of Soviet civil aircraft and vessels in the Soviet merchant marine and fishing fleet. Three satellites launched by a single rocket.

• Cosmos 2109 Spacecraft: Glonass . Payload: Glonass s/n 47L. Mass: 1,400 kg.

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  Glonass. Testing components and apparatus from the space navigation system being set up to determine the position of Soviet civil aircraft and vessels in the Soviet merchant marine and fishing fleet. Three satellites launched by a single rocket.

• Cosmos 2111 Spacecraft: Glonass. Payload: Glonass s/n 49L. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  Glonass. Testing components and apparatus from the space navigation system being set up to determine the position of Soviet civil aircraft and vessels in the Soviet merchant marine and fishing fleet. Three satellites launched by a single rocket.

• Raduga 26 Spacecraft: Raduga . Payload: Raduga s/n 37L. Mass: 1,965 kg.

  Stationed at 85 deg E. Radio telephone and telegraph communications and transmission of television programmes.

• Raduga 1-2 Spacecraft: Raduga-1. Payload: Raduga-1 s/n 12. Mass: 2,000 kg.

  Stationed at 49 deg E; second launch of alternate Raduga design. Further expansion of the long-range telephone and telegraph radio-communications system in the territory of the USSR.

• Cosmos 2133 Spacecraft: SPRN. Payload: SPRN No. 6. Mass: 2,150 kg.

  Geosynchronous ballistic missile early warning satellite. Declared purpose: 'Investigation of outer space and of processes occurring in the Earth's atmosphere'.

• Raduga 27 Spacecraft: Raduga . Payload: Raduga s/n 38L. Mass: 1,965 kg.

  Provision of telephone and telegraph radiocommunications and transmission of television programmes.

• Cosmos 2141 Spacecraft: Glonass. Payload: Glonass s/n 54L. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  Glonass. Testing of components and apparatus of the Glonass global space navigation system being set up to determine the position of the Soviet Union's civil aircraft and vessels in its merchant marine and fishing fleet.

• Cosmos 2140 Spacecraft: Glonass. Payload: Glonass s/n 53L. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  Glonass. Testing of components and apparatus of the Glonass global space navigation system being set up to determine the position of the Soviet Union's civil aircraft and vessels in its merchant marine and fishing fleet.

• Cosmos 2139 Spacecraft: Glonass . Payload: Glonass s/n 50L. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  Glonass. Testing of components and apparatus of the Glonass global space navigation system being set up to determine the position of the Soviet Union's civil aircraft and vessels in its merchant marine and fishing fleet.

• Gorizont 23 Spacecraft: Gorizont . Payload: Gorizont s/n 34L. Mass: 2,125 kg.

  Stationed at 103 deg E. Maintenance of telephone and telegraph radio communications and transmission of television broadcasts.

• Cosmos 2155 Spacecraft: SPRN. Payload: SPRN No. 7. Mass: 2,150 kg.

  Geosynchronous ballistic missile early warning satellite. Declared purpose: 'Relaying of telegraph and telephone information'.

• Gorizont 24 Spacecraft: Gorizont . Payload: Gorizont s/n 35L. Mass: 2,125 kg.

  Stationed at 80 deg E. Maintenance of telephone and telegraph radio communications and transmission of television broadcasts.

• Cosmos 2172 Spacecraft: Potok. Payload: Potok no. 7 s/n 18L. Mass: 2,150 kg.

  Stationed at 13 deg W. Relaying of telegraph and telephone information.

• Raduga 28 Spacecraft: Raduga . Payload: Raduga s/n 39L. Mass: 1,965 kg.

  Telephone and telegraph communications and transmission of television programmes.

• Cosmos 2179 Spacecraft: Glonass. Payload: Glonass s/n 71L. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  Glonass navigational satellite. Testing of components and apparatus of the Glonass global space navigation system being set up to determine the position of civil aircraft and vessels of the merchant marine and fishing fleet.

• Cosmos 2178 Spacecraft: Glonass. Payload: Glonass s/n 69L. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  Glonass navigational satellite. Testing of components and apparatus of the Glonass global space navigation system being set up to determine the position of civil aircraft and vessels of the merchant marine and fishing fleet.

• Cosmos 2177 Spacecraft: Glonass . Payload: Glonass s/n 68L. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  Glonass navigational satellite. Testing of components and apparatus of the Glonass global space navigation system being set up to determine the position of civil aircraft and vessels of the merchant marine and fishing fleet.

• Gorizont 25 Spacecraft: Gorizont . Payload: Gorizont s/n 36L. Mass: 2,125 kg.

  Stationed at 103 deg E. Transmission of Russian radio and television programmes in Siberia and the solution of communications problems in Russia's eastern regions.

• Gorizont 26 Spacecraft: Gorizont . Payload: Gorizont s/n 37L. Mass: 2,125 kg.

  Stationed at 349 deg E. Development of the communications and television broadcasting system. Launched in the interests of the Ministry of Communications of the Russian Federation.

• Cosmos 2204 Spacecraft: Glonass . Payload: Glonass s/n 56L. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  Glonass. Testing of components and apparatus of the Glonass global space navigation system being set up to determine the position of civil aircraft and vessels of the merchant marine and fishing fleet. Constellation 3. Put into service on 30 July 1992 and taken out of service on 4 August 1997.

• Cosmos 2205 Spacecraft: Glonass. Payload: Glonass s/n 72L. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  Glonass. Testing of components and apparatus of the Glonass global space navigation system being set up to determine the position of civil aircraft and vessels of the merchant marine and fishing fleet.

• Cosmos 2206 Spacecraft: Glonass. Payload: Glonass s/n 74L. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  Glonass. Testing of components and apparatus of the Glonass global space navigation system being set up to determine the position of civil aircraft and vessels of the merchant marine and fishing fleet.

• Cosmos 2209 Spacecraft: SPRN. Payload: SPRN No. 8. Mass: 2,200 kg.

  Geosynchronous ballistic missile early warning satellite. Stationed at 24 deg W. Investigation of outer space and of processes occurring in the Earth's atmosphere.

• Ekran 20 Spacecraft: Ekran-M . Payload: Ekran-M s/n 15L. Mass: 1,970 kg.

  Transmission of television programmes to a network of multiple user receiving stations.

• Gorizont 27 Spacecraft: Gorizont . Payload: Gorizont s/n 38L. Mass: 2,125 kg.

  Stationed at 53 deg E. Development of the communications and television broadcasting system.

• Cosmos 2224 Spacecraft: SPRN. Payload: SPRN No. 9. Mass: 2,200 kg.

  Geosynchronous ballistic missile early warning satellite. Stationed at 12 deg E. Declared purpose: 'Investigation of outer space and of processes occurring in the Earth's atmosphere. Prognoz series'.

• Cosmos 2234 Spacecraft: Glonass . Payload: Glonass s/n 73L. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  Glonass navigation spacecraft. Work on the Glonass global space navigation system being set up to determine the position of civil aircraft and vessels of the merchant marine and fishing fleet.

• Cosmos 2235 Spacecraft: Glonass. Payload: Glonass s/n 59L. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  Glonass navigation spacecraft. Work on the Glonass global space navigation system being set up to determine the position of civil aircraft and vessels of the merchant marine and fishing fleet. Constellation 1. Put into service on 25 August 1993 and taken out of service on 4 August 1997.

• Cosmos 2236 Spacecraft: Glonass. Payload: Glonass s/n 57L. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  Glonass navigation spacecraft. Work on the Glonass global space navigation system being set up to determine the position of civil aircraft and vessels of the merchant marine and fishing fleet. Constellation 1. Put into service on 14 March 1993 and taken out of service on 23 August 1997.

• Raduga 29 Spacecraft: Raduga . Payload: Raduga s/n 42L. Mass: 1,965 kg.

  Telephone and telegraph communications and transmission of television programmes.

• Gorizont s/n 39L Spacecraft: Gorizont. Payload: Gorizont s/n 39L. Mass: 2,125 kg.

• Raduga 30 Spacecraft: Raduga . Payload: Raduga s/n 41L. Mass: 1,965 kg.

  Stationed at 83 deg E. Operation of telephone and telegraph radio communications and transmission of television programmes.

• Gorizont 28 Spacecraft: Gorizont . Payload: Gorizont s/n 40L. Mass: 2,125 kg.

  Stationed at 90 deg E. Development of the communications and television broadcasting system.

• Gorizont 29 Spacecraft: Gorizont . Payload: Gorizont s/n 41L. Mass: 2,125 kg.

  Stationed at 130 deg E. 'Rimsat-1' - leased to Rimsat Corp. Communications satellite. Intended for use under commercial conditions.

• Raduga 1-3 Spacecraft: Raduga-1. Payload: Raduga-1. Mass: 2,000 kg.

  Stationed at 48 deg E; third launch of alternate Raduga design. Extension of the telephone and telegraph radio communications system on the territory of the Russian Federation.

• Raduga 31 Spacecraft: Raduga . Payload: Raduga s/n 40L. Mass: 1,965 kg.

  Stationed at 44 deg E. Operation of telephone and telegraph radio communications and transmission of television programmes.

• Cosmos 2276 Spacecraft: Glonass. Payload: Glonass s/n 60L. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  Glonass navigational satellite.

• Cosmos 2277 Spacecraft: Glonass. Payload: Glonass s/n 61L. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  Glonass navigational satellite.

• Cosmos 2275 Spacecraft: Glonass . Payload: Glonass s/n 58L. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  Glonass navigational satellite.

• Gorizont 30 Spacecraft: Gorizont . Payload: Gorizont s/n 42L. Mass: 2,125 kg.

  Stationed at 142.5 deg E. 'Rimsat-2' - Leased to Rimsat Corp. Communications satellite. Intended for use under commercial conditions.

• Cosmos 2282 Spacecraft: SPRN. Payload: SPRN No. 10. Mass: 2,500 kg.

  Geosynchronous ballistic missile early warning satellite. Stationed at 24.06W

• Cosmos 2288 Spacecraft: Glonass. Payload: Glonass s/n 70L. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  Glonass navigation satellite.

• Cosmos 2289 Spacecraft: Glonass. Payload: Glonass s/n 75L. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  Glonass navigation satellite.

• Cosmos 2287 Spacecraft: Glonass . Payload: Glonass s/n 67L. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  Glonass navigation satellite.

• Cosmos 2291 Spacecraft: Potok. Payload: Potok no. 8 s/n 19L. Mass: 2,300 kg.

  Stationed at 80 deg E. Relaying of telegraph and telephone information.

• Elektro Spacecraft: Elektro . Payload: Elektro s/n 1L. Mass: 2,850 kg.

  Stationed at 76.61 deg E.

• Cosmos 2295 Spacecraft: Glonass. Payload: Glonass s/n 63L. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  Glonass navigation satellite.

• Cosmos 2296 Spacecraft: Glonass. Payload: Glonass s/n 64L. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  Glonass navigation satellite.

• Cosmos 2294 Spacecraft: Glonass . Payload: Glonass s/n 62L. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  Glonass navigation satellite.

• Luch Spacecraft: Luch . Payload: Luch s/n 13L. Mass: 2,300 kg.

  Stationed at 95 deg E. Relaying of telegraph and telephone information. Improved Altair/SR geosynchronous satellite for communication with Mir space station and other orbital spacecraft.

• Raduga 32 Spacecraft: Raduga . Payload: Raduga s/n 43L. Mass: 1,965 kg.

  Stationed at 70 deg E.

• Cosmos 2308 Spacecraft: Glonass. Payload: Glonass s/n 66L. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  Glonass navigation satellite.

• Cosmos 2309 Spacecraft: Glonass. Payload: Glonass s/n 77L. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  Glonass navigation satellite. Plane 2. Put into service 6 April 1995.

• Cosmos 2307 Spacecraft: Glonass . Payload: Glonass s/n 65L. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  Glonass navigation satellite.

• Cosmos 2318 Spacecraft: Glonass. Payload: Glonass s/n 85L. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  Glonass navigation spacecraft. Constellation 2. Put into service 22 August 1995.

• Cosmos 2317 Spacecraft: Glonass. Payload: Glonass s/n 81L. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  Glonass navigation spacecraft. Constellation 2. Put into service 25 August 1995.

• Cosmos 2316 Spacecraft: Glonass . Payload: Glonass s/n 80L. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  Glonass navigation spacecraft. Constellation 2. Put into service 26 August 1995.

• Cosmos 2319 Spacecraft: Potok. Payload: Potok no. 9 s/n 20L. Mass: 2,300 kg.

  Stationed at 80 deg E. Relaying of telegraph and telephone information.

• Luch 1 Spacecraft: Luch. Payload: Luch. Mass: 2,400 kg.

  Stationed at 77 deg E. Relaying of telegraph and telephone information. Improved Altair/SR geosynchronous satellite for communication with Mir space station and other orbital spacecraft.

• Gals-2 Spacecraft: Gals . Payload: Gals s/n 12L. Mass: 2,500 kg.

  Three transponders for direct broadcast television. Stationed at 70 deg E. Used SPT-100 plasma engine.

• Cosmos 2324 Spacecraft: Glonass. Payload: Glonass s/n 78L. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  Glonass navigation satellite. Constellation 2. Still in reserve as of August 1997.

• Cosmos 2323 Spacecraft: Glonass . Payload: Glonass s/n 76L. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  Glonass navigation satellite. Constellation 2. Put into service 18 January 1996.

• Cosmos 2325 Spacecraft: Glonass. Payload: Glonass s/n 82L. Mass: 1,400 kg.

  Glonass navigation satellite. Constellation 2. Put into service 18 January 1996.

• Gorizont 31 Spacecraft: Gorizont . Payload: Gorizont s/n 43L. Mass: 2,125 kg.

  Stationed at 39.8E.

• Raduga s/n 44L Spacecraft: Raduga. Payload: Raduga s/n 44L. Mass: 1,965 kg.

  Secret military name for Raduga program is Gran'.

• Gorizont 32 Spacecraft: Gorizont . Payload: Gorizont s/n 44L. Mass: 2,125 kg.

  Stationed at 53.2E.

• Cosmos 2345 Spacecraft: SPRN. Payload: SPRN No. 11. Mass: 2,500 kg.

  Geosynchronous ballistic missile early warning satellite. Stationed at 26.0W

• Cosmos 2350 Spacecraft: Potok.

  Geostationary at 73.0 degrees E.

• Cosmos 2362 Spacecraft: Glonass.

• Cosmos 2363 Spacecraft: Glonass.

• Cosmos 2364 Spacecraft: Glonass.

• Raduga-1 Spacecraft: Raduga-1. Payload: Raduga-1 s/n 14.

  Geosynchronous communications satellite, stationed at 35 deg E.

• Ekspress-A1 Spacecraft: Ekspress.

  Communications satellite; failed to reach orbit.

• Cosmos 2371 Spacecraft: Potok.

  Geizer military communications satellite. The Blok DM upper stage inserted the Geizer into geosynchronous orbit at 06:20 GMT on July 5. Stationed at 80 deg E.

• Raduga-1 Spacecraft: Raduga-1.

  Raduga-1 military communications satellite initially named Cosmos 2372 by the RVSN press service. Stationed at 50 deg E.

• Cosmos 2376 Spacecraft: Glonass. Payload: Uragan s/n 88.

• Cosmos 2375 Spacecraft: Glonass. Payload: Uragan s/n 87.

• Cosmos 2374 Spacecraft: Glonass. Payload: Uragan s/n 83.

  Three navigation satellites for the GLONASS system were launched by a single Proton-K/Blok DM-2 upper stage into an initial 160 km x 64.8 deg parking orbit. The Blok DM-2 made two burns to maneuver into a 19120 x 19120 km x 64.8 deg orbit and deployed the three satellites about four hours after launch.

• 67 - Kaesmann, Ferdinand, et. al., Journal of the British Interplanetary Society, "Proton - Development of A Russian Launch Vehicle", 1998, Volume 51, page 3.
• 42 - Isakowitz, Steven J,, International Reference to Space Launch Systems Second Edition, AIAA, Washington DC, 1991.
• 151 - Clark, P S, Journal of the British Interplanetary Society, "Soviet Spacecraft Masses for Deep Space Missions", 1985, Volume 38, page 25.
• 219 - Mission Planner's Manual - Proton Commercial Launch Vehicle, Space Commerce Corporation, Houston, TX 1989.
• 274 - Vladimirov, A, Novosti kosmonavtiki, "Tablitsa zapuskov RN 'Proton' i 'Proton K'", 1998, Issue 10, page 25.