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SPACECRAFT: VOYAGER 1
Spacecraft Information
======================
Launch Date : 1977-09-05
Instrument Host Name : VOYAGER 1
Instrument Host Type : SPACECRAFT
Mission Information
===================
Mission Start Date : 1972-07-01
Mission Stop Date : UNK
Mission Alias Name : MJS77
Targets
=======
IO
DARK
RHEA
ROCK
DIONE
JANUS
MIMAS
TITAN
HELENE
SATURN
TETHYS
CALYPSO
DIONE B
JUPITER
PANDORA
S RINGS
TELESTO
CALLISTO
GANYMEDE
ENCELADUS
EPIMETHEUS
Instruments
===========
INFRARED INTERFEROMETER SPECTROMETER AND RADIOMETER
IMAGING SCIENCE SUBSYSTEM - NARROW ANGLE
IMAGING SCIENCE SUBSYSTEM - WIDE ANGLE
LOW ENERGY CHARGED PARTICLE
FLUXGATE MAGNETOMETER
PLASMA SCIENCE EXPERIMENT
PLASMA WAVE RECEIVER
Spacecraft Description
======================
Reference is [Morrison, 1982]. 'The two identical Voyager
spacecraft, each with a mass of 815 kilograms, are among
the most autonomous, sophisticated robots ever sent to
explore other worlds. Each is a self-contained system,
carrying its own power, propulsion, communications systems,
and science instruments. Communication between the
spacecraft and Earth is carried out via a high-gain radio
antenna 3.7 meters in diameter that is always oriented
toward the Earth. The radio transmitters (there are two
complete systems to provide backup in case of failure) have
only 23 watts of transmitting power, about the power of a
refrigerator light bulb. Yet with the aid of the sensitive
receivers of the NASA Deep Space Network of tracking
stations, this 23-watt radio can transmit data over a
distance of 1 billion kilometers at the enormous rat of
115200 bits per second, almost a hundred times faster than
Pioneer. At the greater distance to Saturn, a lower data
rate of 44800 bits per second was adopted. In addition, the
Voyager spacecraft carried a digital tape recorder with a
storage capacity of 500 million bits. The power for each
Voyager spacecraft is supplied by three radioisotope
thermoelectric generators (RTGs) that produce about 400
watts of electrical power. Each spacecraft is controlled by
a set of interconnected electronic brains called the
attitude and articulation control subsystem (AACS), the
flight data subsystem (FDS) and the computer command
subsystem (CCS). Rather than being instructed directly by
ground controllers (as were the pioneers), the Voyager
control systems accept precoded sets of several thousand
instructions that can provide autonomous operation for days
or weeks at a time. These systems also include elaborate
error detection and correction routines so the spacecrat
can locate and correct problems before ground controllers
are aware of them. The AACS, FDS, and CCS can be
reprogrammed in flight if necessary, allowing great
flexibility in responding to changing conditions or science
objectives.'
Platform Descriptions
=====================
Platform MAGNETOMETER BOOM
--------------------------
A 13-meter-long boom that was unfurled and extended
automatically after launch
Platform SCAN PLATFORM
----------------------
The part of the Voyager spacecraft that carries the
imaging, IRIS, ultraviolet, and photopolarimeter
instruments. It can be pointed to any part of the sky by
rotating around two axes (azimuth and elevation)
Platform SCIENCE BOOM
---------------------
The Voyager science instrument boom carries the plasma
detector, cosmic ray detector and the low energy charged
particle detector.
Platform SPACECRAFT BUS
-----------------------
The basic structure of the spacecraft is called the 'bus',
which carries the various engineering subsystems and
scientific instruments. It is like a large ten-sided box.
The centerline of the bus is called the z-axis (and thus
the High Gain Antenna) points to Earth. The spacecraft is
designed to roll about this axis by firing small thrusters
which are attached to the bus. The thrusters are fueled by
a liquid called hydrazine. Each of the ten sides of the bus
contains a compartment (a bay) that houses various
electronic assemblies. Bay 1, for example, contains the
radio transmitters. The bays are numbered from 1 to 10
(numbered clockwise as see from Earth). Two additional turn
axes, at right angles to the roll axis and to each other,
are needed to give the spacecraft full maneuverability.
These are the x-axis (pitch) and the y-axis (yaw). The
booms supporting the nuclear power sources and the scan
platform lie along the y-axis.
Reference
=========
Journal: NASA PUBLICATION
Publication Date: 1982
Reference Key ID: MORRISON1982
Authors
-------
DAVID MORRISON
Citation
--------
`Voyages to Saturn', by David Morrison, NASA
SP-451,Washington (1982).
__________________________________________________________________________
SPACECRAFT: VOYAGER 2
Spacecraft Information
======================
Launch Date : 1977-08-20
Instrument Host Name : VOYAGER 2
Instrument Host Type : SPACECRAFT
Mission Information
===================
Mission Start Date : 1972-07-01
Mission Stop Date : UNK
Mission Alias Name : MJS77
Targets
=======
IO
SKY
DARK
PUCK
ROCK
VEGA
ARIEL
JANUS
ORION
TITAN
1989N1
1989N2
EUROPA
HELENE
OBERON
PHOEBE
PLAQUE
SATURN
TETHYS
TRITON
URANUS
CALYPSO
DIONE B
IAPETUS
JUPITER
MIRANDA
N RINGS
NEPTUNE
PANDORA
S RINGS
TELESTO
TITANIA
U RINGS
UMBRIEL
BETA CEN
BETA CMA
CALLISTO
DARK SKY
GANYMEDE
HYPERION
PLEIADES
SCORPIUS
ALPHA CEN
ALPHA LEO
ALPHA LYR
ALPHA PAV
CAL LAMPS
ENCELADUS
SIGMA SGR
EPIMETHEUS
SCAT LIGHT
Instruments
===========
COSMIC RAY SYSTEM
INFRARED INTERFEROMETER SPECTROMETER AND RADIOMETER
IMAGING SCIENCE SUBSYSTEM - NARROW ANGLE
IMAGING SCIENCE SUBSYSTEM - WIDE ANGLE
LOW ENERGY CHARGED PARTICLE
TRIAXIAL FLUXGATE MAGNETOMETER
PLASMA SCIENCE EXPERIMENT
PLANETARY RADIO ASTRONOMY RECEIVER
PLASMA WAVE RECEIVER
Spacecraft Description
======================
Reference is [Morrison, 1982]. 'The two identical Voyager
spacecraft, each with a mass of 815 kilograms, are among
the most autonomous, sophisticated robots ever sent to
explore other worlds. Each is a self-contained system,
carrying its own power, propulsion, communications systems,
and science instruments. Communication between the
spacecraft and Earth is carried out via a high-gain radio
antenna 3.7 meters in diameter that is always oriented
toward the Earth. The radio transmitters (there are two
complete systems to provide backup in case of failure) have
only 23 watts of transmitting power, about the power of a
refrigerator light bulb. Yet with the aid of the sensitive
receivers of the NASA Deep Space Network of tracking
stations, this 23-watt radio can transmit data over a
distance of 1 billion kilometers at the enormous rat of
115200 bits per second, almost a hundred times faster than
Pioneer. At the greater distance to Saturn, a lower data
rate of 44800 bits per second was adopted. In addition, the
Voyager spacecraft carried a digital tape recorder with a
storage capacity of 500 million bits. The power for each
Voyager spacecraft is supplied by three radioisotope
thermoelectric generators (RTGs) that produce about 400
watts of electrical power. Each spacecraft is controlled by
a set of interconnected electronic brains called the
attitude and articulation control subsystem (AACS), the
flight data subsystem (FDS) and the computer command
subsystem (CCS). Rather than being instructed directly by
ground controllers (as were the pioneers), the Voyager
control systems accept precoded sets of several thousand
instructions that can provide autonomous operation for days
or weeks at a time. These systems also include elaborate
error detection and correction routines so the spacecrat
can locate and correct problems before ground controllers
are aware of them. The AACS, FDS, and CCS can be
reprogrammed in flight if necessary, allowing great
flexibility in responding to changing conditions or science
objectives.'
Platform Descriptions
=====================
Platform MAGNETOMETER BOOM
--------------------------
A 13-meter-long boom that was unfurled and extended
automatically after launch
Platform SCAN PLATFORM
----------------------
The part of the Voyager spacecraft that carries the
imaging, IRIS, ultraviolet, and photopolarimeter
instruments. It can be pointed to any part of the sky by
rotating around two axes (azimuth and elevation)
Platform SCIENCE BOOM
---------------------
The Voyager science instrument boom carries the plasma
detector, cosmic ray detector and the low energy charged
particle detector.
Platform SPACECRAFT BUS
-----------------------
The basic structure of the spacecraft is called the 'bus',
which carries the various engineering subsystems and
scientific instruments. It is like a large ten-sided box.
The centerline of the bus is called the z-axis (and thus
the High Gain Antenna) points to Earth. The spacecraft is
designed to roll about this axis by firing small thrusters
which are attached to the bus. The thrusters are fueled by
a liquid called hydrazine. Each of the ten sides of the bus
contains a compartment (a bay) that houses various
electronic assemblies. Bay 1, for example, contains the
radio transmitters. The bays are numbered from 1 to 10
(numbered clockwise as see from Earth). Two additional turn
axes, at right angles to the roll axis and to each other,
are needed to give the spacecraft full maneuverability.
These are the x-axis (pitch) and the y-axis (yaw). The
booms supporting the nuclear power sources and the scan
platform lie along the y-axis.
Reference
=========
Journal: NASA PUBLICATION
Publication Date: 1982
Reference Key ID: MORRISON1982
Authors
-------
DAVID MORRISON
Citation
--------
`Voyages to Saturn', by David Morrison, NASA
SP-451,Washington (1982).
__________________________________________________________________________