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![]() RFE/RL NEWSLINE Vol 3, No. 58, Part II, 24 March 1999________________________________________________________ RFE/RL NEWSLINE Vol 3, No. 58, Part II, 24 March 1999 A daily report of developments in Eastern and Southeastern Europe, Russia, the Caucasus and Central Asia prepared by the staff of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. This is Part II, a compilation of news concerning Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. Part I covers Russia, Transcaucasia and Central Asia and is distributed simultaneously as a second document. Back issues of RFE/RL NewsLine and the OMRI Daily Digest are online at RFE/RL's Web site: http://www.rferl.org/newsline xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Headlines, Part II * UKRAINIAN PARLIAMENT APPROVES WORLD BANK LOAN * SOLANA ORDERS AIR STRIKES AGAINST SERBIA * MONTENEGRO DOES NOT RECOGNIZE 'STATE OF DANGER OF WAR' End Note: BELARUSIAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC: AN IDEAL VIS- A-VIS FLAWED REALITY xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx EAST-CENTRAL EUROPE UKRAINIAN PARLIAMENT APPROVES WORLD BANK LOAN... Lawmakers on 23 March approved a $200 million loan from the World Bank to modernize Kyiv's heating system. The Communist-dominated parliament had voted down the loan deal earlier this month, arguing that foreign loans do more harm than good to the Ukrainian economy (see "RFE/RL Newsline," 8 March 1999). JM ... FAILS TO APPROVE 1999 PRIVATIZATION PLAN. The same day, the parliament fell 52 votes short of the required majority to approve the 1999 privatization program submitted by President Leonid Kuchma last month. Lawmakers also failed to muster enough votes to reject the program, which means it will go into effect if the legislature does not reject by the end of this week. The program envisages revenues totaling 800 million hryvni ($228 million) from the privatization of 455 large and medium-sized companies and 5,500 small firms. The parliament also rejected Kuchma's proposal to impose a new tax on cellular phone users. JM UKRAINIAN CABINET WITHDRAWS TAX BREAKS FOR JOINT VENTURES. The Ukrainian government on 23 March revoked tax breaks that allowed joint ventures with foreign partners to import goods without paying customs duties, AP reported. "We simply do not have a choice," Prime Minister Valeriy Pustovoytenko commented, adding that duty-free imports by joint ventures are "drawing the blood out of the economy and causing us to lose budget revenues." JM BELARUS SAYS DRAFT TREATY ON UNION WITH RUSSIA READY. Alyaksandr Kozyr, head of the Belarusian half of the commission on preparing a treaty on the Belarus-Russia union, said on 23 March that the commission has already prepared a draft treaty. According to Kozyr, the draft envisions the creation of a bicameral union parliament, with the upper chamber having equal representation from the legislatures of Belarus and Russia and the lower chamber elected by the population of either country. The draft does not introduce the post of president of the Belarus-Russia union. "We speak about the union of two sovereign states, each headed by [its own] president. If a third president, with wide powers and legitimacy, were placed above the two heads of state, a Bermuda triangle would be created that might wreck very good ideas," Kozyr told Belarusian Television. JM ESTONIA'S KALLAS TO APPEAR IN COURT AGAIN NEXT MONTH. Siim Kallas, the head of the Reform Party and the designated finance minister in the new right-wing government, will appear in a Tallinn district court in mid-April after a prosecutor appealed a lower court ruling, ETA reported on 23 March. Kallas has been acquitted of charges of abuse of power, giving false information, and intended embezzlement in the so-called $10 million affair (see "RFE/RL Newsline," 9 March 1999). The prosecutor, however, has demanded that Kallas be given a one-year suspended prison sentence. JC TARAND TO HEAD ESTONIAN COALITION COUNCIL. Andres Tarand, leader of the Moderates, has been appointed head of the ruling alliance's Coalition Council, ETA reported on 23 March. The nine-member council will be responsible for proposing changes within the ruling coalition and the cabinet, preparing important political decisions, and solving disputes within the three-party alliance. Before the elections, Tarand had been widely tipped as the next prime minister. Analysts expressed surprise when he was not given a post in the new government. JC RIGAS KOMERCBANKA DECLARED INSOLVENT. The Riga Regional Court, responding to a petition by the Latvian Central Bank (see "RFE/RL Newsline," 8 March 1999), has declared Rigas Komercbanka insolvent, LETA reported on 23 March. The bank has one month in which to submit a recovery plan, but according to the news agency, neither Finance Minister Ivars Godmanis nor Bank of Latvia President Einars Repse is optimistic about its chances of success. During the 23 March court proceedings, a Bank of Latvia official revealed that Rigas Komercbanka lost 29 million lats (some $50 million) in Russia last year and 1.6 million lats so far in 1999. JC LITHUANIAN LAWMAKERS BOW TO PRESIDENT OVER COMPETITION LAW. The parliament voted by 92 to three with six abstentions to pass an amended version of the competition law that includes recommendations by President Valdas Adamkus, who had vetoed the law for a second time earlier this month, ELTA reported on 23 March. Adamkus had requested, among other things, that the president be granted the right to appoint the Competition Council's five members on the recommendation of the premier (see "RFE/RL Newsline," 8 March 1999). According to the news agency, the ruling Conservatives, while arguing that the amendments were not essential, wanted to avoid another dispute with the head of state. JC MOSCOW STRESSES CONCERN OVER DESCRATED GRAVES OF FORMER SOVIET SOLDIERS. The Russian Foreign Ministry, adding its voice to that of the Russian Embassy in Vilnius (see "RFE/RL Newsline," 22 March 1999), has expressed concern over "recurrent acts of vandalism against the graves of former Soviet servicemen in Lithuania," ELTA reported on 23 March. The ministry urged the Lithuanian to punish those responsible for such acts. JC POLISH OFFICIAL RESIGNS OVER LUSTRATION REPORT. Deputy Economy Minister Janusz Koczurba resigned his post on 23 March after the government's mouthpiece, "Monitor Polski," published his statement admitting collaboration with the Communist-era secret services. Koczurba told PAP that his collaboration "concerned only Poland's external interests, especially economic," adding that it ended 15 years ago. Koczurba was in charge of Poland's economic relations with the EU. Meanwhile, Marek Dukaczewski, an undersecretary in the presidential National Security Bureau who has admitted working in a Communist-era military intelligence service, will remain in his post. President Aleksander Kwasniewski said he knew about Dukaczewski's past activities before he appointed him and sees no reason for any "personnel consequences." JM POLAND'S RULING COALITION QUARRELS OVER CABINET RESHUFFLE. Solidarity Electoral Action [AWS] and its coalition partner, the Freedom Union [UW], are arguing over ministerial posts in an ongoing government reshuffle, Polish media reported. Prime Minister Jerzy Buzek has already cut the size of his cabinet by dismissing five ministers without portfolio, all of whom were from the AWS. AWS activist Kazimierz Janiak believes that the UW should give up one of the ministries in favor of the AWS in order to "maintain the balance." Andrzej Potocki of the UW says the union does not want to be "maneuvered into a battle for posts." It is widely expected that Buzek--in a bid to increase the government's popularity--will replace the ministers of health, education, and telecommunications (AWS portfolios) as well as of culture and defense (UW). JM HAVEL CALLS ON MILOSEVIC TO ACCEPT NATO DEMANDS. President Vaclav Havel on 24 March called on Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic to "unconditionally and as quickly as possible meet [NATO] demands." He said Milosevic is "unequivocally responsible" for any NATO action, CTK reported. Foreign Minister Jan Kavan said Prague will evacuate its remaining staff from its Belgrade embassy if the air strikes begin. Some staff were evacuated on 22 March. Defense Minister Vladimir Vetchy said the next day that the Czech field hospital will be sent to the region only if the Yugoslavs agree to the deployment of a NATO peacekeeping force in the province. MS MECIAR URGED TO RUN FOR PRESIDENT. The leadership of the opposition Movement for a Democratic Slovakia (HZDS) has asked its leader, former premier Vladimir Meciar, to reconsider his refusal to be the party's candidate in the presidential elections scheduled for 15 May, HZDS spokesman Igor Zvach told CTK on 23 March. Following his defeat in the September 1998 parliamentary elections, Meciar said he would not run for the post. He resigned from the parliament, saying he was determined to "leave public life." MS ORBAN SAYS HUNGARY'S SECURITY NOT THREATENED BY KOSOVA CRISIS. Prime Minister Viktor Orban said he does not fear any threat to Hungary's security from expected NATO air strikes against neighboring Yugoslavia, Hungarian media reported on 24 March. Orban said that in line with a decision by the parliament, Hungarian soldiers "will not leave the country." Defense Ministry spokesman Colonel Lajos Erdelyi told state television that Hungary would not be directly involved in the air attacks but would make its air space available to NATO. The daily "Nepszabadsag" wrote, however, that the Taszar military base in southwestern Hungary might become a target because it is within striking range of Yugoslav missiles and artillery. MSZ SLOVAK PRIME MINISTER IN BUDAPEST. Mikulas Dzurinda, paying a "private" visit to Hungary on 23 March at the invitation of Premier Viktor Orban, discussed with his host Slovakia's bid for Euro-Atlantic integration, the status of the Hungarian minority in Slovakia and Bratislava's pending minority language bill, Hungarian media reported. In other news, Reformed Bishop Laszlo Tokes, honorary chairman of the Hungarian Democratic Federation of Romania, said dual citizenship for all Hungarians, which various Hungarian minority groups living close to Hungary are demanding, could "in principle " be replaced by "a special status." He also remarked that Hungary's NATO membership could "provide indirect protection for Hungarian ethnic minorities." Tokes was speaking in Budapest at a 23 March meeting between Hungarian Foreign Minister Janos Martonyi and leaders of ethnic Hungarian parties abroad. MSZ SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE SOLANA ORDERS AIR STRIKES AGAINST SERBIA. NATO Secretary-General Javier Solana said in Brussels after talks with U.S. special envoy Richard Holbrooke on 23 March that diplomatic efforts to end the crisis in Kosova have failed. Solana added that he has authorized General Wesley Clark, who is the alliance's supreme commander in Europe, to "initiate air operations in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia." Clark will select targets and determine when they will be attacked. Observers noted that NATO is likely to launch cruise missiles to cripple Serbian anti-aircraft systems and then send in aircraft. PM WESTERN LEADERS STRESS NEED TO SAVE KOSOVAR LIVES. U.S. President Bill Clinton, British Prime Minister Tony Blair, and German Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder said in their respective capitals on 23 March that Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic is responsible for the failure of diplomacy to end the crisis. They stressed that NATO now has no political or moral alternative than to reduce his ability to make war in the troubled province. NATO will thereby help save lives, they stressed. Observers noted that the statements marked a shift in the Western rationale for launching air strikes. Previously, NATO leaders had generally emphasized the need to pressure Milosevic into signing the Rambouillet accords. By stressing instead the need to save lives, they have adopted a goal they can achieve by themselves without Milosevic's involvement or approval. It is also a goal they can pursue under the UN Charter without needing a specific UN mandate to do so. PM BELGRADE DECLARES 'STATE OF DANGER OF WAR'... Yugoslav Deputy Prime Minister Vuk Draskovic told the BBC on 24 March that the West is "sacrificing" Serbia in the interests of setting up a "greater Albania." The previous day, Federal Yugoslav Prime Minister Momir Bulatovic said on state-run television that the government has declared a "state of immediate danger of war" because of the likelihood of NATO "aggression." Observers noted that a "state of danger of war" affects only the police and the military and is not as stringent as a "state of emergency." Elsewhere, Defense Minister General Pavle Bulatovic charged that Washington and NATO have allied themselves with the Kosovar "terrorists," which is Belgrade's term for the Kosova Liberation Army (UCK). He added that the Yugoslav army has "dispersed its forces" so as to reduce the risk of major losses in any single attack. Meanwhile, Milosevic fired General Aleksandar Dimitrijevic as head of military security and replaced him with General Geza Farkas. PM ...SHUTS DOWN INDEPENDENT RADIO STATION. Several police and officials of the Federal Ministry of Telecommunications entered the offices of independent Belgrade Radio B-92 in the early hours of 24 March and ordered journalists to stop broadcasting. The police also confiscated some broadcasting equipment. Police took away editor-in-chief Veran Matic for questioning. The journalists continued to disseminate their programs via the Internet. This is the third time in some 10 years that the authorities have prevented B-92 from broadcasting, RFE/RL's South Slavic Service reported. In the course of 1998, B-92 extended the range of its broadcasting to cover all Serbia. PM MONTENEGRO DOES NOT RECOGNIZE 'STATE OF DANGER OF WAR.' The Montenegrin parliament meets on 24 March to discuss Podgorica's response to the Kosova crisis. The previous day, a Montenegrin government spokesman said the government does not recognize Momir Bulatovic's declaration of a "state of danger of war." The spokesman added that the government will not allow the Yugoslav military to use Montenegrin facilities in order to fight NATO forces. The government appealed for calm. Podgorica does not recognize the government of Bulatovic, who is the arch-rival of Montenegrin President Milo Djukanovic. PM MACEDONIA SEEKS TO STAY OUT OF CONFLICT... Prime Minister Ljubco Georgievski told reporters in Skopje on 23 March that his government will not allow NATO peacekeepers stationed in Macedonia to attack Serbia. "Our country won't allow its territory to be used in an attack on any neighboring country, including Yugoslavia, and I think NATO will accept this," he said (see "RFE/RL Newsline," 22 March 1999). PM ...REOPENS BORDER TO REFUGEES. Macedonian border police told Reuters at the Blace crossing with Kosova on 24 March that "the order to close the border [to Yugoslav citizens] has been lifted as of now. We don't know whether we will be asked to close it again later." The previous day, border police said that persons "with Yugoslav passports are not allowed in this country as from this morning and will be turned back." Observers noted that the Macedonian authorities fear that an influx of refugees from Kosova will strain Macedonia's limited resources and possibly upset that country's delicate ethnic balance. Some 23 percent of the population is ethnic Albanian. PM ALBANIA CONCENTRATES TROOPS ALONG KOSOVA BORDER... Prime Minister Pandeli Majko told leaders of his governing coalition in Tirana on 23 March that "we have stationed on [our] northern border the largest number of soldiers since World War II." He did not give figures but added that "we are undertaking a diplomatic and military action to defend the sovereignty of our country." He hinted that the government fears a possible revenge attack from Yugoslav forces following expected NATO air strikes. Majko also accused Serbian forces of killing 200 Kosovars over the last few days. He referred to unspecified "official and unofficial sources" but did not elaborate. Later he told an emergency parliamentary session that "we are preparing for the worst scenario because to prepare for war means to prepare for peace," Reuters reported. The government ordered the relevant authorities to prepare bunkers and underground shelters for civilians and to supply all hospitals in the northern towns with medicines. FS ...AND PREPARES FOR NEW REFUGEE INFLUX. On 23 March, Albanian authorities in the north began preparing more refugee camps in case of an exodus from Kosova, AP reported. Information Minister Musa Ulqini told dpa that Albania is able to accommodate 10,000 refugees in addition to the 20,000 already in the country. Serbian forces recently laid more mines in the area bordering Albania in order to prevent Kosovar refugees from crossing into Albania and UCK fighters from entering Kosova. According to Albanian authorities, only about 50 Kosovar Albanian families have crossed into Albania over the past 10 days, dpa reported. FS SOLANA ASSURES ALBANIA OF NATO PROTECTION. NATO Secretary-General Javier Solana sent a letter to Majko on 24 March providing assurances of NATO support in case of a Yugoslav attack. The letter said that that "it would be unacceptable if the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia were to threaten the territorial integrity, political independence, and the security of your country," AP reported. Further details of NATO's assurances were not immediately available. Meanwhile, President Rexhep Meidani told a meeting of UCK leaders in Tirana on 23 March that the international community should intervene immediately in Kosova to save lives. He stressed that time has come to "finally stop Belgrade's war machine," Reuters reported. FS CROATIA WILL NOT SEND GENERALS TO HAGUE. Prime Minister Zlatko Matesa told the parliament on 23 March that the government will not extradite any Croatian generals to the Hague-based war crimes tribunal. He said: "Resolutions passed by the parliament provide the government with absolute grounds to clearly state that not a single Croatian general will be extradited to The Hague." The "New York Times" reported recently that the court plans to indict at least three generals (see "RFE/RL Balkan Report," 23 March 1999). Spokesmen for the tribunal subsequently said that court officials are investigating the source of possible leaks to the U.S. daily. PM ROMANIAN EXTREMIST SENATOR LOSES PARLIAMENTARY IMMUNITY. By a vote of 80 to 36, the Senate on 23 March lifted the parliamentary immunity of Greater Romania Party leader Corneliu Vadim Tudor. Tudor lost his immunity under the new regulations that require a vote of 50 percent plus one, instead of the previously required two-thirds majority. The controversial senator was not present at the debate, claiming illness. He faces various charges, including calumny. If convicted, he could be jailed for up to three years, RFE/RL's Bucharest bureau reported. MS WORLD BANK TO EXTEND LOAN TO ROMANIA. Premier Radu Vasile and the World Bank's director for Romania, Andrew Vorking, told journalists on 23 March that they have reached an agreement on a $300 million loan in support of economic reforms. The agreement, which must be approved by the bank's board in June, provides for a $100 million tranche to be released that month and two other tranches later in 1999, depending on whether progress toward the agreement's implementation is made. The two men agreed that Romania must privatize both the banking system and profit-making state-owned companies, close loss-making companies, improve legislation aimed at promoting business, and meet the social costs of restructuring. The IMF may now follow suit by resuming loaning. This would enable Bucharest to avoid defaulting on its external debt, RFE/RL's Bucharest bureau reported. MS BULGARIAN PRESIDENT BACKS NATO DECISION TO STRIKE... President Petar Stoyanov on 23 March said that since Bulgaria wishes to join NATO and the EU, it "has no other choice but to back the international community" in its conflict with Milosevic's "totalitarian regime," Reuters reported. Stoyanov added that any further widening of the conflict will be "most unwelcome for Bulgaria, because of its geographical location." He appealed to Bulgarians not to panic and said the army has not been put on alert. At the same time, he said he might cancel a trip to Germany scheduled for 24 March. Premier Ivan Kostov has already postponed visits to Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan. MS ...WHILE DEFENSE OFFICIAL DENIES KOZLODUY THREATENED BY SERB RETALIATION. Deputy Minister of Defense Velizar Shalamanov told Reuters on 23 March that the risk of an Serbian attack on the Kozloduy nuclear power plant in retaliation for Bulgaria's allowing NATO to use its air space is "absolutely minimal." Shalamanov made the statement after what Reuters described as a "panic among some local media that Serbia might launch an air attack against Bulgaria." He said he was confident that Bulgaria's air defense is capable of thwarting any threats to the plant and that "plans for its protection have been worked out long ago." MS END NOTE BELARUSIAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC: AN IDEAL VIS-A-VIS FLAWED REALITY by Jan Maksymiuk Until recently, few Western historians, let alone ordinary mortals, had heard about the existence of the Belarusian Democratic Republic (Belaruskaya Narodnaya Respublika, BNR), a non-Bolshevik Belarusian state proclaimed in Minsk on 25 March 1918. Richard Pipes in "The Formation of the Soviet Union" (Harvard University Press, 1997) and Norman Davies in "Europe: A History" (Oxford University Press, 1996) were probably the only world-renowned historians to communicate that news to a wider Western readership. A decade ago, the BNR was still unknown to most Belarusians as well. Soviet historiography long concealed the fact that such a state as the BNR had ever existed. Soviet historians contemptuously branded the BNR a short-lived "bourgeois" puppet republic under the German Kaiser's patronage. When Belarus became a sovereign state in 1991, Belarusian students received new history textbooks presenting the proclamation of the BNR as an event of which they could and should be proud. When Alyaksandr Lukashenka became Belarusian president in 1994, he ordered those textbook to be removed, viewing them as detrimental to his policy of re- Sovietization and integration with Russia. After the Bolshevik coup in Petrograd in October 1917, 1,872 delegates came to the All-Belarusian Congress in Minsk on 14 December 1917 to discuss the future of Belarus after the collapse of the Russian empire. The congress pledged loyalty to the Bolshevik center in Moscow, but was nevertheless dispersed by a detachment of soldiers from the Minsk Bolshevik garrison. That action radicalized some of the congress delegates, who later met clandestinely and declared the Rada [Council] of the All-Belarusian Congress--a body they had managed to create before being dispersed--a "supreme government agency" in Belarus. In February 1918, immediately after the Reds left Minsk to the Germans, the Rada returned to the city and formed a provisional government. The German occupation troops did not prevent the Rada from pursuing its political and administrative activities. On 9 March 1918, the Rada proclaimed the Belarusian Democratic Republic "within the borders of the numerical majority of Belarusian people." Some two weeks later, on 25 March, the Rada declared the BNR an "independent and free state" and pledged that the Belarusian people would soon determine their national future through a Constituent Assembly (a freely elected legislature). The BNR opened diplomatic missions in, or sent its diplomatic plenipotentiaries to, a dozen European countries. However, the newly-born Belarusian statehood failed to obtain the necessary support from the allied powers to survive. In December 1918, nine months after the declaration of the independent BNR, its government was forced to emigrate to Lithuania and Germany. Belarus, as on many previous occasions, become a battleground for Moscow and Warsaw. After the partition of Belarus between Poland and Bolshevik Russia under the 1921 Treaty of Riga and the creation of the Belarusian SSR, the exiled BNR government slowly but inevitably faded into oblivion: Vasil Zakharka, the BNR's last president, died in Prague in 1943. However, the creation of the BNR has become a pivotal point of the Belarusian national (and nationalist) myth, revered primarily by Belarusian emigre historians. The BNR was bound to become a consecrated ideal of Belarusian statehood for at least two reasons. First, the BNR was created on the basis of a popular, non- Bolshevik mandate given by the All-Belarusian Congress. Second, the congress delegates were predominantly the "salt of the Belarusian earth"--peasants or representatives of the first-generation intelligentsia born into peasant families. Thus, the proclamation of the BNR refutes the widespread belief that the Belarusians--a "nation of peasants"--were not mature enough to form their own statehood but rather thankfully accepted it as an almost unsolicited gift from Russia's Bolsheviks, in particular, Lenin and Stalin. The BNR myth continues to appeal to all Belarusians who pursue the dream of independent statehood. It is unimportant for them that the BNR existed for only a fleeting moment in history or that the BNR's administrative powers did not extend beyond the city of Minsk and its environs. Honoring Zakharka's political testament, post-war Belarusian refugees in displaced persons camps in Germany revived the BNR Rada in 1948 under the leadership of Mikola Abramchyk as a kind of government- in-exile of the Belarusian Diaspora outside the Soviet bloc. In 1997, the BNR Rada--which is now headed by Joanna Survilla of Canada--launched a campaign to "sign up for BNR citizenship." The BNR Rada urged Belarusians to pledge their allegiance to the ideal BNR state in a symbolic act of disobedience to the Moscow-oriented Lukashenka regime and the current Republic of Belarus. While the bulk of the Belarusian population did not sign up, the initiative has apparently found some support among primarily young urban Belarusians. Zyanon Paznyak, exiled leader of the opposition Belarusian Popular Front, has upheld the initiative of "joining the BNR" and pledged--following the opposition presidential elections on 16 May--to begin preparations for electing a "constituent assembly" in order to put Belarus back on the "path of constitutional legitimacy." That pledge may boil down to nothing more than wishful thinking on the part of Paznyak, but it highlights a rather complicated pattern of Belarusian opposition policies, in which historical reminiscences and ideals are fancifully interwoven with rhetoric promoting liberal economic policies. The Belarusian Diaspora celebrate 25 March as Independence Day, while in Belarus, the opposition marks it as Freedom Day. This year, a rally to commemorate the BNR's anniversary will take place in Minsk on 28 March. Rumors have it that Paznyak, who has declared his intention to run in the opposition presidential elections, will return to Belarus on that date, following three years in exile. xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Copyright (c) 1999 RFE/RL, Inc. All rights reserved. xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx HOW TO SUBSCRIBE Send an email to newsline-request@list.rferl.org with the word subscribe as the subject of the message. HOW TO UNSUBSCRIBE Send an email to newsline-request@list.rferl.org with the word unsubscribe as the subject of the message. For subscription problems or inquiries, please email listmanager@list.rferl.org ________________________________________________ CURRENT AND BACK ISSUES ON THE WEB Back issues of RFE/RL Newsline and the OMRI Daily Digest are online at: http://www.rferl.org/newsline/search/ _________________________________________________ LISTEN TO NEWS FOR 23 COUNTRIES RFE/RL programs are online daily at RFE/RL's 24-Hour LIVE Broadcast Studio. http://www.rferl.org/realaudio/index.html _________________________________________________ REPRINT POLICY To receive reprint permission, please contact Paul Goble via email at GobleP@rferl.org or fax at 202-457-6992 _________________________________________________ RFE/RL NEWSLINE STAFF * Paul Goble, Publisher, GobleP@rferl.org * Liz Fuller, Editor-in-Chief, CarlsonE@rferl.org * Patrick Moore, Team Leader, MooreP@rferl.org * Jan Cleave, CleaveJ@rferl.org * Julie A. 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