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OMRI DAILY DIGEST</tittle></head>
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<h2>
No. 237, Part II, 10 December 1996
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This is Part II of the Open Media Research Institute's Daily Digest.
Part II is a compilation of news concerning Central, Eastern, and
Southeastern Europe. Part I, covering Russia, Transcaucasia and Central
Asia, is distributed simultaneously as a second document. Back issues
of the OMRI Daily Digest, and other information about OMRI, are
available through OMRI's WWW pages: http://www.omri.cz/Index.html
CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE
UKRAINIAN METROPOLITAN CALLS FOR UNITY OF THE ORTHODOX CHURCH. The
leader of the independent Ukrainian Orthodox Church, Metropolitan
Filaret, called for unification of the country's splintered Orthodox
church, RFE/RL reported on 9 December. Filaret said a united Orthodox
church must be created in Ukraine to mark the anniversary of Christ's
birth in 2000. He also announced plans to meet for the first time with
the leader of Ukraine's Russian-based church, Patriarch Volodymyr
Sabodan. The Independent Ukrainian Orthodox Church was formed in 1992,
after Filaret broke away from the Russian Orthodox Church, which has
been traditionally dominant in Ukraine. The Ukrainian Orthodox Church
enjoyed the support of Ukrainian nationalists and former President
Leonid Kravchuk. About 35 million of Ukraine's 52 million people are
estimated to be Orthodox. -- Oleg Varfolomeyev
UKRAINE DENIES SELLING ARMS TO LIBYA. Foreign Ministry spokesman Yurii
Serheyev denied there was any truth to a 9 December Washington Times
story that accused Ukraine of selling SS-21 SCUD-B missiles to Libya,
AFP reported. The story claimed to be based on a top-secret CIA
document, and outlined two deals: a $510 million shipment of SS-21
missiles; and a second deal for providing maintenance and parts for
Libyan submarines and other vessels. Serheyev said the charges were an
effort to discredit Ukraine in front of the U.S. and internationally.
Another deputy foreign minister, Kostyantyn Hrishchenko, described the
report as "madness." He added that the newspaper had published similar
reports on the eve of important disarmament and arms control
conferences. -- Ustina Markus
BELARUSIAN OPPOSITION LEADER DETAINED. One of the main organizers of the
unauthorized rally on 8 December in Minsk, Social Democrat leader
Nikalai Statkevich, was arrested with 10 people, NTV reported on 9
December. The detainees are still being kept at a police station and it
is not clear when they may be released, as the court session to consider
their case has been postponed for a few days. It is suspected that
Statkevich's arrest was politically motivated, since, under Belarusian
law, the maximum punishment for disturbing public order in the city is a
fine. Meanwhile, protests against the recent referendum's results are to
continue today in the Belarusian capital. -- Sergei Solodovnikov
NEW BELARUSIAN DEPUTIES WILL NOT BE CONFIRMED. The Central Electoral
Commission decided not to confirm new deputies elected during the 24
November parliamentary by-elections, Belarusian television reported on 5
December. The decision was made in accordance with the new constitution
which provides for a smaller parliament. Four new deputies had been
elected, and more could have been expected to win seats in runoff
elections. -- Ustina Markus
LATVIA'S FOR THE FATHERLAND AND FREEDOM UNION 3RD CONGRESS. The 3rd
Congress of the For the Fatherland and Freedom (TB) union on 8 December
in Riga reelected Maris Grinblats as chairman, BNS reported the next
day. Grinblats stressed that the TB should remain in the government
coalition in order to ensure at least partial implementation of its
program. The congress affirmed plans to cooperate more closely with
other rightist parties such as the Latvian National Conservative Party
and Christian Democrats Union to form a unitary national conservative
union for the next parliament elections. Prime Minister Andris Skele
thanked the five TB ministers for their work in his government, but
criticized the TB deputies who had opposed amendments to the land
ownership and local elections laws. -- Saulius Girnius
LITHUANIAN PREMIER SATISFIED WITH HIS TENURE. Outgoing Premier Mindaugas
Stankevicius said on 9 December that the new Lithuanian government will
find a better situation than the one he faced when he assumed office
last March, Radio Lithuania reported. He expressed particular
satisfaction that the 1996 rate of inflation will not be 25% as he had
foreseen but only 14%, and that the country's GDP growth will accelerate
from 3% in 1995 to 4% in 1996. He called the 1996 budget unrealistic due
to various tax exemptions causing a 300 million litai ($75 million)
budget deficit. He also confirmed that he will probably give up his
Seimas seat that he had won as the second person on the Lithuanian
Democratic Labor Party list. -- Saulius Girnius
MEDIA POPULARITY IN POLAND. Polish Public TV's Channel 1 is the most
popular channel in Poland with 81.5% of viewers, private Polsat is
second with 68.4% of viewers, and Public TV Channel 2 third with 64.4%,
according to a survey by the Estymator Institute, as reported by
Rzeczpospolita on 10 December. Polish Radio 1 is the most popular radio
program -- with 31.5% of listeners. Gazeta Wyborcza leads among the
dailies with 14% of the readership, although its market share is
diminishing, Warsaw Super Express is second with 10%, Rzeczpospolita
third with 5%. Pani Domu (The Lady of the House) is the most popular
weekly with 14%, Poradnik Domowy (House Advisor) leads among monthlies
with nearly 14%, Claudia is next with 12%. The survey was conducted from
September to November on a representative sample of 5,842 Poles aged
from 15 to 80 years. -- Jakub Karpinski
CZECH-GERMAN DECLARATION PUBLISHED. Czech and German media published the
text of the long awaited Czech-German declaration on 9 December. Czech
Foreign Minister Josef Zieleniec admitted that the published text is
basically identical to the one that was to be officially released in the
second half of December. In the declaration, both sides express regrets
over past mutual injustices. The Czech Republic regrets "injustices that
were caused by post-war expulsions and forced resettlement of Sudeten
Germans." Some three million Sudeten Germans were expelled from
Czechoslovakia after World War II. Both sides agree to set up a common
fund to finance projects of "common interest," and that they will not
"burden their relations with political and legal questions arising from
the past." Representatives of Sudeten Germans have already criticized
the declaration as bypassing their interests. Official regrets over the
expulsion are certain to galvanize Czech radicals into action . -- Jiri
Pehe
SLOVAK JUDGES ASSOCIATION EXPRESSES CONCERN. The Association of Slovak
Judges expressed concern about anonymous letters addressed to Milan Cic,
the Chair of the Slovak Constitutional Court, press agencies reported on
9 December. The association considers the death threats to Cic an attack
against the court as a whole and a means of political intimidation. --
Anna Siskova
SLOVAKS THINK GOVERNMENT IS NOT LEADING
COUNTRY TOWARD NATO. According to the latest Focus agency poll, about
54% of Slovaks believe that the government's current policies are not
conducive to membership in European structures, CTK reported on 9
November. About 26% of those polled thought the contrary and 19.8% did
not know. People with higher education were more critical of the
government. Those who were convinced that the current government is
steering Slovakia toward the EU and NATO with its policies are mainly
supporters of Premier Vladimir Meciar's Movement for Democratic
Slovakia. -- Anna Siskova
NEW HUNGARIAN WELFARE MINISTER NOMINATED. Prime Minister Gyula Horn on 9
December nominated Mihaly Kokeny to be welfare minister, Hungarian media
reported. Kokeny's predecessor, Gyorgy Szabo, resigned in November
saying that funds allocated in the draft 1997 budget fell 11 billion
forints ($67 million) short of what was needed to maintain the country's
ailing health service. Kokeny, a high-ranking welfare ministry official,
said he would accept the current 1997 health spending plans and
expressed hope that the long overdue act on health care and social
insurance will soon be passed. -- Zsofia Szilagyi
SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE
SERBIAN OPPOSITION VOWS BOYCOTT. Zoran Djindjic, head of the Democratic
Party (DS) and one of the leaders of the opposition Zajedno coalition,
told Radio B92 on 9 December that Zajedno will boycott the opening
session of the federal parliament, slated for today. This is the latest
opposition move to pressure the regime of Serbian President Slobodan
Milosevic to recognize the opposition victories in the 17 November
runoff municipal elections. For his part, Djindjic did not rule out the
possibility of negotiating an end to the mass political protests, but
added that Milosevic would have to acknowledge the opposition victories
as a precondition to any talks. -- Stan Markotich
DEMONSTRATIONS CONTINUE IN SERBIA. In the streets of Serbia's major
urban centers, mass demonstrations against Milosevic and demands for a
recognition of opposition victories in municipal balloting continue
unabated. Rallies in Belgrade are entering a fourth week. On 9 December,
demonstrators in the capital also vented against the arrests and
beatings of peaceful protesters. Dejan Bulatovic, a student demonstrator
aged 21, who on 6 December carried an effigy of Milosevic dressed in a
prison uniform, was reportedly beaten and tortured following his arrest.
He has been unable to see a lawyer. Meanwhile, international reports
also note that industrial workers, known for their opposition to
Milosevic, have not formally sided with the opposition in great numbers.
-- Stan Markotich
BRCKO ARBITRATION POSTPONED. Internationally mediated binding
arbitration to decide the fate of the strategic north Bosnian town of
Brcko, scheduled for 14 December, has been postponed for two months.
Carl Bildt's office announced on 9 December that the Serb side had
requested the delay and that the Muslims agreed to it, Oslobodjenje
noted, but the exact circumstances remain unclear. Brcko lies astride
the narrow supply corridor linking the eastern and western parts of the
Republika Srpska, and the future of this area was the only territorial
issue not settled in the Dayton agreement just over a year ago. On 1
December the Serbs announced they were leaving the talks because the
American mediator had made decisions without consulting them. The
following day the U.S. State Department said that the talks will go
ahead with or without the Serbs. -- Patrick Moore
NEW EVICTIONS OF MUSLIMS IN MOSTAR. The latest in more than 70 evictions
of Serbs and Muslims from the Croat-held part of Mostar was carried out
on 9 December, only hours after NATO warned Bosnian Croat army units to
stop them, AFP reported. After a victim recognized one of the assailants
as a member of the Second HVO (Croatian Defense Council) Brigade, that
particular unit of the Bosnian Croat army admitted carrying out
evictions of Muslims from western Mostar, AFP reported on 6 December. On
9 December, the NATO-led Implementation Force warned the HVO of
"unspecified military consequences" if its soldiers are found continuing
evictions. -- Daria Sito Sucic
BOSNIAN MUSLIM RULING PARTY NAMES CANDIDATES FOR COUNCIL OF MINISTERS.
The Party of Democratic Action (SDA) on 9 December nominated three
candidates for posts in the Council of Ministers, the newly-formed
power-sharing central government, Oslobodjenje reported the next day.
Former Premier Haris Silajdzic of the Party for Bosnia-Herzegovina has
been nominated as co-chairman of the Council. Bosnia's Serb entity is
supposed to name the other co-chair. The SDA also nominated Hasan
Muratovic, the outgoing republican premier, as minister of foreign trade
and economic relations, and Husein Zivalj as deputy foreign minister.
Bosnian Croat leaders should appoint the minister for foreign affairs
and the Serbs should name the minister for civil affairs and
communications. -- Daria Sito Sucic
CLEAR RESPONSE TO CROATIA'S TUDJMAN. There have been extensive reactions
at home and abroad to President Franjo Tudjman's 7 December speech in
which he blasted a host of "enemies of Croatia" ranging from the weekly
Feral Tribune to George Soros to the BBC (see OMRI Daily Digest, 9
December 1996). Novi List on 10 December carried many comments likening
Tudjman to a bad communist propagandist who seeks power at all costs.
The speech had been intended to unite Tudjman's governing Croatian
Democratic Community (HDZ) behind him, but some critics charge that it
will only undermine the HDZ itself. Soros, for his part, told the Feral
Tribune that his "Open Society only supports the development of a
democratic society in Croatia. We help education, publishing, media,
art, culture, health, legal and economic reforms. Does that make me a
bad guy?" -- Patrick Moore
ILLNESS OF ETHNIC ALBANIAN CHILDREN IN MACEDONIA CAUSED BY STRESS? World
Health Organization (WHO) officials said on 6 December that a mysterious
illness that afflicted more than 1,000 ethnic Albanian children in
Macedonia's Tetovo district was probably caused by psychological
factors, RFE/RL and international media reported. The schoolchildren,
aged 11-17, complained of abdominal pains, headaches, and breathing
difficulties in late September and early October. Most of them were
hospitalized for 2-3 days before recovering. Some ethnic Albanians
claimed the children had been poisoned by ethnic Macedonians. The WHO
said the evidence collected by an WHO team during a three-week trip to
Macedonia suggested the illness was not caused by poisoning, infection,
or environmental pollution but by "psychologically induced events linked
to stress and anxiety." The team indicated tensions between ethnic
groups and school conditions as the main factors. -- Stefan Krause
NEW ROMANIAN CABINET ANNOUNCED. Designated Prime Minister Victor Ciorbea
announced his proposed cabinet and its governing program on 9 December,
Romanian media reported. The new government comprises 27 ministers and
state secretaries, all but one representing the three parties that form
the governing coalition. The minister of Labor and Social Protection,
Alexandru Athanasiu, is an independent. Most cabinet posts (18) went to
the Democratic Convention of Romania, including three out of the four
highest level ministerial posts: finance, reform and industry and trade.
The Social Democratic Union holds 6 posts, including foreign affairs,
while the Hungarian Democratic Federation of Romania has the Ministry of
Tourism and the Office for National Minorities. Parliamentary committee
hearings of cabinet members should start today. -- Zsolt Mato
POLITICAL REALIGNMENT IN MOLDOVA. Political blocs were set up on 7
December in support of President-elect Petru Lucinschi and outgoing
President Mircea Snegur, respectively, BASA-press reported on 9
December. The pro-Lucinschi social and political movement "For a
Democratic and Prosperous Moldova" includes the Party of Social
Progress, the Social Democratic Party, the Party of Economic Rebirth,
the Socialist Action Party, and a series of youth and students'
organizations. Parties that had joined the Pro-Snegur Civic Movement
during the electoral campaign launched the idea of forming a permanent
umbrella organization under the name of Democratic Convention of Moldova
(CDM). No deadline was set for the formation of the CDM, which was
described as an "expression of the united opposition." Meanwhile, the
Central Electoral Commission released the official results of the 1
December presidential runoff. Lucinschi beat Snegur by 54.02% to 45.98%.
-- Dan Ionescu
BULGARIA APPROACHING HYPERINFLATION? Prime Minister Zhan Videnov
announced on 9 December that his government and the Bulgarian National
Bank (BNB) can fend off hyperinflation for three more weeks, Pari and
Standart reported. According to Videnov, BNB cannot intervene in the
financial market anymore, since it needs to preserve its foreign
currency reserves when the envisaged currency board is introduced. The
same day, the U.S. dollar was trading for 560-600 leva, 90 more than the
previous day. The dollar should trade for no more than 300-350 leva once
the currency board is in place, Videnov commented. Many Bulgarians have
stopped driving their cars, since they can't afford the steadily rising
fuel, tax, and insurance costs. The leva's all-time low also prompted
many shop-owners to close their shops to recalculate prices. -- Maria
Koinova
BULGARIAN MAIN OPPOSITION GROUP POSTPONES KEY DECISIONS. The 9 December
extraordinary meeting of the National Coordinating Council of the Union
of Democratic Forces (SDS) failed to resolve any of the issues that
topped the agenda of the biggest opposition force over the past weeks,
Pari reported. The meeting took no decision on the controversial idea to
transform the SDS from an alliance of 15 political parties and movements
into a single party. It also took no decision on the date of the next
National Conference, which should decide on the proposed merger. The
council meeting also failed to decide whether the SDS will ask for a
vote of no confidence for Zhan Videnov's government. -- Stefan Krause
ALBANIA AND ITALY AGREE TO FIGHT ORGANIZED CRIME. Italian Interior
Minister Giorgio Napolitano and his Albanian counterpart Halit Shamata
signed a police cooperation agreement on 9 November in Tirana. The
agreement provides for joint efforts in fighting organized crime, such
as drug trafficking and illegal immigration, Reuters reported. Italy
will provide more technical assistance to the Albanian police.
Napolitano said Italy was ready to cooperate more on legal immigration
of Albanians, adding that "Italy does not have a closed-door policy."
Napolitano further pointed out that "Albanians may come legally ... but
not in an unlimited number and not in an uncontrolled manner." Hundreds
of immigrants enter Italy illegally each year from Albania . The Italian
government sent troops last year to Puglia to stop the influx of illegal
immigrants. Napolitano also met with President Sali Berisha and Prime
Minister Alexander Meksi. -- Fabian Schmidt
ALBANIA AND MONTENEGRO REOPEN RAILWAY LINE. Albania and Montenegro have
restored their rail link, severed in 1992 following the international
embargo on the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, international agencies
reported. The line between Shkoder and Podgorica is Albania's only rail
link with the international railway network. Albania had blamed
Montenegro for delaying the reopening after the end of international
sanctions in early 1996. The line was opened in August 1986 but can be
used only for the transport of goods, because Albania has not joined the
European Association of Railway Passenger Transport. In other news,
Albania was reinstated into FIFA on 3 December. -- Fabian Schmidt
[As of 12:00 CET]
Compiled by Sava Tatic
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©1996 Friends and Partners<br>
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Please write to us with any comments, questions or suggestions</a> -- Natasha Bulashova, Greg Cole<br>
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