<<August 13, 2005>>
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Soustain Chigalu <schigalu@yahoo.com>
Mr. Chomora Mikeka <chomoramikeka@yahoo.com>
Prof. Stuart A. Umpleby <umpleby@gwu.edu>
Roger Lee Boston <Roger.boston@hccs.edu>
Dear Soustain and Chomora:
(1) Many thanks for your msgs (ATTACHMENT I and II).
I am very delighted to hear of your successful use of Skype, an Internet
telephony (or Voice over Internet Protocol [VoIP]) with your colleagues in
remote/rural areas of Malawi — without spending much money!!
(2) Yes, I agree with you that the VoIP is the future of telephony.
As said in my previous list distributions, its cost is now drastically reducing
thanks to the ÒSHARINGÓ principle of Internet, advancement of data compression
technology and its proliferation around the world — some predict the day
when the telephony would eventually become even free of charge!! This
would certainly bring a global social revolution, as accelerating borderless
globalization with transformation of commerce and governance structures, etc.
This, in turn, means urgent need of global education of future leaders who can
cope with rapid changes of complexly interwoven global phenomena. For
this, we advocate global e-learning and e-healthcare/telemedicine with our
Global University System (GUS) project. Your successful use of Skype
reinforces this direction since audio telephony is a vital necessity for the
support of learners with facilitators, mentors and instructors scattered around
the world.
(3) For the success of Internet telephony, the availability of broadband
Internet is a must — though, as you say, 34 Kbps could work in a certain
extent.
The deployment of broadband Internet brings the possibilities of not only high
fidelity audio but also various multimedia.
However, since such deployment requires large investment of broadband Internet
with preferably optical fiber network (or broadband satellite channel), we need
to aggregate the needs of stakeholders to take the advantage of the SHARING
principle of the Internet as much as possible.
This is why we suggest that the GUS in developing countries would need to start
with a consortium of higher educational and healthcare institutions and later
including even secondary and elementary schools, libraries, local government
offices and NGOs, etc.
(4) What amazes me with the advancement of VoIP is that it was invented by Mr.
Kelvin, then a graduate student at the University of Illinois only about a
dozen years ago.
The
university is an alma mater of Stuart Umpleby, which also brought MOSAIC, the
first Internet web browser by a graduate student, and PLATO, ILLIAC (which
contributed to the advancements of aeronautics and space engineering at Ames
Research Lab south of San Francisco), etc.
Around that time, there was a group of elementary school children around
California who were communicating with email and also doing CU-SeeMe (*)
multipoint videoconferencing over Internet with a fund from the National Science
Foundation (NSF). During the videoconferencing, they had to use in
parallel the Plain Old Telephony Service (POTS) for audio conferencing.
(*)
which was invented by Dick Coger of Cornell University with US$800,000 for 3
year from the NSF.
One of the children found out about the work of Mr. Kelvin, and conveyed about
the VoIP to friends with the email which spread like a wild-fire among their
group and beyond.
Incidentally,
in late 1990s, a consortium of conventional analog telephone companies submitted
a petition to the US Federal Communication Commission to stop the VoIP. A
group favor to it then submitted a counter petition in which I was listed one
of major proponents because of my previous successful effort of de-regulating
the Japanese telecom policies for the use of email.
This means that those youngstersÕ brains are now really CHANGING the world
— certainly not initiated by big telecom firms, though they came in later
to realize the change.
One of major motivations of our GUS project is to foster the activities of such
youngsters around the world — better yet collaboratively.
(5) In 1996, I tried to use the VoIP between the University of Coimbra in
Portugal and my workshop in Florianopolis (about 150 miles south east of Sao
Paulo), Brazil, but in vain. At that time, Brazil had 13 broadband
Internet lines (8 to the US and 5 to Canada), but all at 2 Mbps -- total only
26 Mbps.
In 2000, Roger Boston connected our videoconference in Manaus in the middle of
rainforest of Amazon in Brazil with his school in Houston with the use of
NetMeeting which can be downloaded from Microsoft web site free of charge.
Audio was clear and video was superb. I later found that Brazilian
telecom upgraded their connection to the US with 3 to 4 broadband satellite linkages
at 45 Mbps each, as totaling almost 165 Mbps.
This firmly convinced me the importance of deploying broadband Internet around
the world.
(6) As we discussed in separate msgs in the past weeks, your Malawians are now
working to extend 3 Gbps optical fiber line from Mozambique (which already has
such network) -- as Ethiopian did the same from Kenya. We would be very
delighted to be of any help for its deployment along with our GUS project.
(7) For your reference, pls read through some articles I pulled out from CNN
web sites before in ATTACHMENT III to V below.
Keep in touch.
Best, Tak
ATTACHMENT
I
From:
Soustain Chigalu
<schigalu@yahoo.com>
Date: Fri, 5
Aug 2005 07:47:17 -0700 (PDT)
To: "Takeshi
Utsumi Ph.D." <utsumi@columbia.edu>, Chomora Mikeka
<chomoramikeka@yahoo.com>, <provc@sdnp.org.mw>
Subject: Skyping
Karonga
Hi,
Skyping Karonga!!! This may sound unfamiliar, of course. ICS-UNIDO consultant
(Nicola Drago) and some MACRA staff are out in the field for the Market Study
for the ICT for Sustainable Rural Development (ISRD) project. On 4 August I had
the pleasure to follow up with their activities.
According to the schedule of events the team was in Karonga, Malawi and I am in
Verona, Italy. But how could I reach these guys up north of Malawi? The obvious
answer was a phone call or an e-mail. I quickly ruled out the option of sending
an e-mail and to expect an answer within hours from Karonga. The telephone?
Sure but how? Where I am doing internship I donÕt have a direct access to dial
out international numbers. I could make a request but it involves a chain of
decision makers to allow an intern to call out.
On my small laptop I saw a small green button signaling. What is this? Skype.
This is a 7 MB software that runs in my computer and it allows me to call out
anywhere I want in the world: to a computer, mobile phone, fixed line,
whatever. Using my small head buds (headphones) I picked up the number for Ms
Khamula and sooner I was answered. Skyping to Karonga? I could not believe it.
I was updated of the progress of the RRA market study and greeted Nicola and
wished them all success, 10 minutes elapsed. How much did I pay for this call?
8 cents per minute and the total cost me 80 cents (MK 120). Unbelievable!!! So
Skyping to Karonga is not only possible but also affordable if not cheap.
Something came to my mindÉ. Can the people at Karonga manage to Skype me? Why
not, it only takes a 34 kbps Internet connection to make such a VoIP call. If
they call me to my computer they pay NOTHING, if they want to catch me on the
move then they pay 8 cents. I may be prejudice to be talking of Skype only, in
fact there are dozens of these novel VoIP systems (Go2Call, net2phone etc) that
are making it possible to talk and send each other instant messages regardless
of where one is in the world.
Since I introduced these small technologies to my friend who is a lecture at
Chancellor College we now almost talk everyday, free. He uses his Wi-Fi based
LAN, what University of Malawi Pro-Vice Chancellor, Prof. Kamwanja once
described it as ÒInternet in the air we breatheÓ, and he connects to the
Internet through CHANCO VSAT.
Well, the point I am trying to make is: Skyping to Karonga is possible but how
soon will the people in Karonga be able to Skype me? What about those in
Likoma, Nsanje, Mwanza, Kasungu, Phalombe etc? I wish if this was possible
tomorrow.Once these people are enabled: infrastructural and technically I am
sure Skyping will be everywhere.
I appreciate for your time reading this message and if it pleases you, share
the story with a friend.
Best regards
Soustain
Chigalu
ICS-UNIDO Telecommunications Fellow
Istituto Don Mazza, Via San Carlo 5, Verona 37135
ITALY
E-mail : schigalu@yahoo.com
<mailto:unicatt.itschigalu@yahoo.com>
Skype: camcom
Mob: +39 333 1836 991 Fax : +39 045 8271 590
ATTACHMENT
II
> From: Chomora Mikeka
<chomoramikeka@yahoo.com>
> Date: Fri, 5 Aug 2005 08:08:19 -0700 (PDT)
> To: Soustain Chigalu <schigalu@yahoo.com>,
<lkamwanja@yahoo.com>,
> <utsumi@columbia.edu>
> Subject: Re: Skyping Karonga
>
>
> Good story indeed and a wonderful vision for rural
> MALAWI.
>
> Right now all the two PCs in the ProVC's office are
> skype ready, what lacks are the mics but we can get
> voice calls from this office literally from allwhere.
>
> Best regards as you work through your thesis.
>
> Chomora
ATTACHMENT
III
Let
your laptop do the dialing
Wednesday, April
13, 2005 Posted: 3:46 PM EDT (1946 GMT)
I COULD BE ANYWHERE
(AP) -- I'm a foreign correspondent. Last month I was in Stockholm, Sweden. Now
I'm in Frankfurt, Germany. Next month, who knows?
You certainly won't if I call you from my laptop computer, which I'm doing more
often these days using something called Skype.
It's become my preferred phone service as I'm forever calling across countries
and oceans -- trying, meanwhile, to keep costs down.
There's a rather savory irony to all this.
The countries I've been working in have among the world's highest densities of
mobile phones, yet I use the Internet for most all my phone calls, business and
personal.
Skype lets me call any phone number anywhere in the world for about 2 cents a
minute, slightly more to some places, such as the Middle East and Asia. My computer
does the dialing, and the processing of incoming and outgoing voices.
All you need to use Skype and products like it -- FreeWorld Dialup is another
popular one -- is a solid broadband connection (fixed or Wi-Fi).
With the basic version of Skype, all anyone needs to make or receive a call is
to install the program on their computer (and that includes personal digital
assistants). All calls are free.
You don't even need a headset, though earphones can be a good idea if you wish
to be discreet. I use my laptop's built-in microphone and onboard speakers for
voice in/out.
The paid service for calling regular telephones is called SkypeOut and is
fairly simple. I buy time in chunks of about $13. Skype works on Windows, Mac,
Linux, even PocketPCs.
When my wife was in Florida it cost me about $8 to speak to her for about 30
minutes on a landline from Sweden. Had I used the mobile the same call would
have cost about six times as much. The price with Skype: a dollar.
The quality is crystal clear, provided there's not too much traffic on the
Internet. If there's an echo: hang up and try again, it usually gets better.
One warning though: On some computers, especially those running older versions
of Windows, it doesn't always work, or can sound like a garbled conversation
carried out under water with a giant whale slapping its tail nearby. You don't
hear a thing.
Until he got Skype, a Brazil-based colleague of mine, Al Clendenning, was
spending between $166 to $185 a month to keep in touch with family in Spain, New
Hampshire and elsewhere. No longer. He and his wife do experience occasional
glitches, though that may be related to the quality of the broadband
connection.
Another colleague's wife, a Peruvian living in New York, gave up on using
Skype's free version to chat with a friend in Lima after the friend's broadband
connection proved unreliable.
Skype was invented by many of the same people who created the Kazaa
file-swapping program: chiefly a Swede named Niklas Zennstrom and a bunch of
programmers in Estonia. Like Kazaa, peer-to-peer networking is at its core.
These guys are into disruptive technologies. So am I.
I'm relishing turning my friends on to the joys of Internet dialing. I called a
college pal who's living in Hoboken, New Jersey on a weekend afternoon and we
chatted for nearly an hour.
"It's clear," he said, and was surprised when I told him it was a
Voice over Internet connection.
He's installed it on his Mac and is getting his friends to start using it, too.
Even Dear Old Mom in Colorado uses Skype, but only at home. Her company doesn't
allow it at work, citing security concerns my mother attributes to overzealous
techies.
Skype does have one big drawback.
Unlike other more feature-rich Voice over Internet services, it doesn't give me
a phone number of my own unless I want to pay extra (for a service called
SkypeIn that's still in testing).
And of course Internet access is not always available. Which is why I still
carry my trusty cell phone.
Sometimes, the mobile phone company actually wins.
ATTACHMENT
IV
The
new telephony
VoIP turning
telecommunications business inside out
Wednesday, April 13, 2005 Posted: 12:16 PM EDT (1616 GMT)
SAN JOSE,
California (AP) -- Before business trips, Suneet Tuli used to leave behind a
long list of numbers where he could be reached and told important clients to
ring him on his cell phone. The routine was cumbersome and cost him about $800
a month in phone
bills.
Now, he has local numbers for New York, London and Mexico City despite no
permanent presence in any of those cities. The lines automatically forward to
another number that seamlessly transfers to a cell phone with the best rates
for wherever he happens to be.
Because Tuli's calls are routed mainly over the Internet instead of the
traditional voice network, he can make changes to the elaborate setup simply by
visiting a Web site. And he's cut his phone bill by about 80 percent.
"Even though it seems a little complicated, in my mind it's all
straight," said Tuli, chief executive of DataWind Inc., a Montreal company
that makes handheld Internet-browsing devices.
Tuli is in the Voice-over-Internet vanguard, relying ever more on a technology
that is transforming what it means to make a phone call by converting our
conversations into little packets of data that traverse the Internet.
After a decade of promises about how it would forever change communications,
Voice over Internet Protocol, or VoIP, is finally beginning to nudge the
130-year-old traditional phone network toward obsolescence.
It's inexpensive and, beyond mimicking traditional telephony, makes possible a
wide range of new digital revolution-bestowing features and flexibility that
people like Tuli are seizing on.
Yet the fact that Voice over Internet relies on data networks is both its
greatest strength and biggest liability. Because it piggybacks on top of
existing services, companies offering it need not dig up streets, roll trucks
to homes or pay the same amount of regulatory fees as traditional telcos.
VoIP's amazing features and low costs come paired with questions of reliability
and regulation that the industry and government are only beginning to address.
And you need a broadband Internet connection, which is far from ubiquitous
though more than half of U.S. households that go online now have one.
Mainly marketed as a supplement or replacement for traditional phones, VoIP is
already used by millions worldwide, most of them in Japan. In the United
States, the numbers are expected to grow from about 3 million today to some 27
million by 2008, according to the research firm IDC.
Vonage Holdings Corp., Tuli's VoIP provider, now serves more than 600,000
customers, adding 200,000 so far this year. And Skype, a European-based
phenomenon that offers free PC-to-PC calling, says more than 2 million people
use its service at any moment.
In just six months, Cisco Systems Inc.'s Linksys sold 1 million Internet phone
kits that turn broadband connections into Internet phone jacks -- a pace that
beat the past launches of home routers and Wi-Fi devices.
VoIP startups with names like BroadVoice, SunRocket and VoicePulse now number
in the dozens, joining market leader Vonage. Cable companies and traditional
telephone companies are also scrambling for your VoIP business. Even standalone
Internet providers such as America Online Inc. are jumping into the game.
In Voice over Internet's early days, hobbyists with microphones plugged into
their PCs used to gab with other geeks. Reliability was shaky, call quality
even worse.
Now, Voice over Internet users can chat through conventional telephones, paying
about $20 to $30 a month for unlimited domestic long distance and add-ons that
would cost extra in the traditional phone system. Most importantly, they can
call, and receive calls from, the traditional phone system.
"As more homes have broadband, the odds are the user market will go up in
proportion," said Jeff Pulver, an Internet telephony pioneer. "The
question is who becomes the dominant providers: Is it going to be the incumbent
cable operators, the incumbent phone companies or start-ups?"
Whether there's a broad public appetite for this newfangled phonery remains
unclear. Are current VoIP offerings attractive enough for people to want to
unplug their reliable traditional phones for generally cheaper but more
unreliable Internet telephones? A lot more convenience can be built into the
technology.
Tuli says the quality of the VoIP calls has improved dramatically since he
first tested out Internet telephony.
"Today, most people who call me have no idea," he says.
But reliability is a major issue for some who have switched. Because the calls
ride over broadband connections, the phone is only as reliable as that service.
And Internet phone companies have had their share of service outages.
Ed Ho, a Palo Alto entrepreneur who subscribed to Vonage to save on
long-distance costs for his startup, ended up canceling the service because
even occasional unreliability was unacceptable. He returned to his old phone
company.
"The problem was when people tried to call, it's not like they get your
voice mail. It would be a weird dead connection," he said.
"With all new technologies, we're going to go through some growing pains
as an industry, and there are going to be problems," said Jeffrey Citron,
Vonage's chief executive.
In fact, the majority of current Internet telephoners aren't too bothered by
the uncertainties. But most haven't snipped their old phone company yet.
According to a 2004 Forrester Research survey, only 37 percent of VoIP
subscribers canceled their traditional service. Sixty-three percent said they
retained the line for either personal or business use.
New Jersey information technology worker Cliff Alligood kept his old line when
he subscribed to AT&T Corp.'s CallVantage service. Now, he uses the
Internet primarily for long distance calls paying about $35 a month for what
previously cost him about $150 monthly.
Alligood is also attracted to some of the service's more advance features --
like being able to set up ad-hoc conference calls from a Web site -- something
he uses when his fantasy football league is holding its draft.
Still, it appears the industry could do a better job of communicating why the
average person should care. A Forrester survey of 6,200 people in North America
found 78 percent didn't know about VoIP even after it had been defined for
them.
Another problem is that most services position themselves as replacements for
regular phones -- which are already inexpensive for most households. In one
Forrester survey, 60 percent of respondents said they were satisfied with their
existing service.
"People don't know about it. People don't necessarily care about it. And
there's not necessarily a need for it," said Maribel Lopez, a Forrester
Research analyst.
That's why the fledgling industry should focus on features, said Charles
Giancarlo, chief technology officer at network equipment maker Cisco. Some
notions are simple, like offering CD-quality sound. Others, like video
telephony, are more difficult. One major phone provider, 8x8 Inc., currently
offers a videophone, while Vonage says it's working on it.
But the ultimate killer application that will draw tens of millions of people
into the fold has yet to appear.
Will it be a handset that works with any Wi-Fi hotspot? The ability to convert
voicemails into text messages with speech recognition software? To click on a
phone number on your computer screen, automatically dialing it, and pick up
your handset? A combination of all of the above?
"The whole VoIP industry's been talking about 'It's the application,
stupid' since 1998, and we've never delivered on that as an industry,"
said Bryan Martin, 8x8's chief executive. "I feel a little embarrassed
still saying the same thing, but we're starting to see it happen."
ATTACHMENT
V
Uncertainty
clouds Voice over Internet's future
CNN.com: Thursday,
July 8, 2004 Posted: 10:26 AM EDT (1426 GMT)
NEW YORK (AP) --
AT&T Corp. says it expects to have 1 million Voice over Internet customers
by the end of next year, while cable TV giant Comcast Corp. has said it
anticipates offering the service to all its customers by the end of 2006.
A flurry of recent announcements by telecom companies paints the hot technology
as the industry's future.
So should consumers ditch their traditional land lines now and opt for the
cheaper new service? Maybe not yet.
Voice over Internet may be shaking the foundations of telecommunications, but
it's hardly mature, and its regulatory future remains uncertain.
"If you were to look at it in 10 to 15 years time, everyone will be using
Voice over Internet Protocol," said Mark Main, senior analyst at Ovum, a
British consulting firm. But getting there "will be quite varied, quite
torturous and not at all clean."
Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) uses technology that packages voice calls
as data and sends them over broadband connections.
The technique is less expensive because it avoids some access charges inherent
in the traditional phone network, and opens up new features, like Web-based
management of voice mail. Such advantages have prompted British
Telecommunications PLC to plan on converting its entire network to Internet
Protocol technology by 2008.
VoIP obstacles
But some obstacles may delay VoIP's status as a popular consumer phone service:
-- People have to know it exists. A June 24 study by the Pew Internet and
American Life project found only 27 percent of U.S. online users have heard of
VoIP service; 4 million are considering getting it at home.
-- To get VoIP service, you need a broadband connection.
Even AT&T, which seems to be hoping VoIP will energize its shrinking
business, said last week when it introduced the service in 10 states that VoIP
"is not a complete substitute for traditional telephone service because it
does not serve the needs of millions of Americans who cannot obtain or afford
the high-speed Internet connection required."
TNS Telecoms estimates that only 18.1 percent of consumers in those 10 states
have broadband. And AT&T's VoIP service isn't open to everyone in those
states -- only residents of certain cities.
-- Service is only as good as your broadband connection. If your network
hiccups while sending a document or receiving a big movie file, it means a
delay that most people would ignore or not even notice. But delays on phone calls
are harder to tolerate.
"VoIP probably wouldn't have done real well when the Ken Starr report came
out," and data networks were swamped, said Farooq Hussain, a principal at
Network Conceptions, a telecom consulting firm.
Such reliability issues have led Carnegie Mellon University to wait to
introduce VoIP on campus until it upgrades its network over the next three
years, said Joel Smith, the university's chief information officer.
Quality of service
Network problems are more complicated for consumers because they're often
buying broadband from one company and VoIP from another.
Regional Bell companies, such as Verizon Communications Inc., are the primary
sellers of DSL broadband service, while their competitors in the long-distance
and cable TV businesses are the primary sellers of VoIP.
"If you are providing phone services on someone else's broadband access
network you have no control over the quality of service," Main said.
That said, some VoIP carriers have struck agreements with broadband providers.
A good agreement can mean your call travels only on one broadband network.
A bad agreement -- or no agreement -- means your call could get switched from
network to network, which can hurt quality. "It's like hopping on the
Acela train versus switching trains four times," said Andy Abramson of Del
Mar, California, who owns an advertising firm and runs a consumer VoIP Web
journal, or blog.
-- The prices, which start at $19.99 a month, are "competitive, not
breathtaking," Main said.
The standard price for VoIP packages from AT&T and Cablevision Systems
Corp. is $34.99 a month for unlimited local and long-distance calling, voice
mail and call forwarding -- but that doesn't include a broadband connection,
which generally costs at least $30 a month. Verizon's local and long-distance
packages for traditional calling range from $49.95 to $64.95 a month.
-- A lack of regulation -- and taxes -- are a factor in keeping prices down.
That may not last forever.
The Federal Communications Commission is considering whether to treat VoIP as a
taxable telecom service or an untaxed data service. Beyond that, "half the
states in the country are looking at regulating and taxing VoIP," said
Gregory Rosston, deputy director of the Stanford Institute for Economic Policy
Research.
If the service does gain a following, taxes on it might increase. "As cell
phones have grown, the taxes on wireless have gotten much, much larger,"
Rosston noted.
-- Voice over Internet service depends on the regular power grid, so if that
goes, you have no phone. The traditional phone network has its own power and
generally works even in blackouts.
The industry has already tackled some of VoIP's problems, such as connecting
calls to 911 dispatchers.
Still, some investors are hanging back.
In one recent report, Banc of America Securities analyst David Barden noted:
"This profits-are-huge, the-market's-exploding,
the-opportunity-is-ripe-for-picking mantra seems eerily reminiscent of past
disappointments."
List
of Distribution
Soustain Chigalu
ICS-UNIDO Telecommunications Technologies Fellow
Master of Management in the Network Economy (MiNE)
UNICATT
Via Capra 2A, 29100, Piacenza, ITALY
Mob: +39-333-183-6991
Skype: camcom
Fax: +39-052-359-9434
schigalu@yahoo.com
soustain.chigalu@unicatt.it
unicatt.itschigalu@yahoo.com
www.mine.it
www.ics.trieste.it
or
ICS-UNIDO Telecommunications Fellow
Istituto Don Mazza, Via San Carlo 5, Verona 37135
ITALY
Fax : +39 045 8271 590
Mr. Chomora Mikeka
Physics Dept.
Chancellor College
University of Malawi
P.O. Box 280
Zomba, MALAWI
Phone: +265 1 526 435
Mobile: +265 8 386 700
Fax: +265 1 524 046
Email: chomoramikeka@yahoo.com
cmikeka@chanco.unima.mw
Prof. Stuart A. Umpleby
Research Program in Social and Organizational Learning
School of Business
Monroe Hall 403
The George Washington University
2101 F Street NW, Suite 201
Washington, DC 20052, USA
Tel: (202) 994-1642
Fax: (202) 994-4930
fax 202-994-3081
umpleby@gwu.edu
http://www.gwu.edu/~umpleby
http://www.asc-cybernetics.org/2005/index.htm
Roger Lee Boston
Rockwell Chair/Instructor
Distance Education/Technology Center
Houston Community College System
4310 Dunlavy Street
P.O.Box 7849
Houston, Texas 77006
USA
Tel: +1-832.654.5627
+1-713.718.5260
Fax: +1-713.718.2030
Roger.boston@hccs.edu
boston_r@hccs.cc.tx.us (secondary)
http://www.rboston.com
http://www.teched.org/
http://tc1.hccs.cc.tx.us
http://www.teched.org/hist/iia.htm
http://tc1.hccs.cc.tx.us/hist/yr99/finland/
-- Tampere event
http://tc1.hccs.cc.tx.us/hist/yr00/brazil/
-- Manaus event
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* Takeshi Utsumi, Ph.D., P.E., Chairman, GLOSAS/USA
*
* (GLObal Systems Analysis and Simulation Association in the U.S.A.) *
* Laureate of Lord Perry Award for Excellence in Distance Education *
* Founder and V.P. for Technology and Coordination of
*
* Global University System (GUS)
*
* 43-23 Colden Street, Flushing, NY 11355-5913, U.S.A.
*
* Tel: 718-939-0928; Email: utsumi@columbia.edu
*
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*
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